1. Time to apply what you’ve learned!
Review of Ch. 11

2. How old is the fish? Less than 440 million years 440 million years
Between 440 and 480 million years
Older than 480 million years

3. How old is the fish? Less than 440 million years 440 million years
Between 440 and 480 million years
Older than 480 million years

4. How old is the trilobite?
Less than 520 million years
530 million years
Between 440 and 480 million years
Between 520 and 545 million years

5. How old is the trilobite?
Less than 520 million years
530 million years
Between 440 and 480 million years
Between 520 and 545 million years

6. Which refers to a chart that divides Earth’s history into different time units?
Fossil record
Geologic time scale
Relative-age dating
Radiometric dating

7. Which refers to a chart that divides Earth’s history into different time units?
Fossil record
Geologic time scale
Relative-age dating
Radiometric dating

8. Based on the chart, what is the most recent mass extinction?
Late Ordovician
Late Devonian
Late Permian
Late Triassic
Late Cretaceous

9. Based on the chart, what is the most recent mass extinction?
Late Ordovician
Late Devonian
Late Permian
Late Triassic
Late Cretaceous

10. Living things adapt to changes in their environment.
True
False

11. Living things adapt to changes in their environment.
True
False
Remember:
An adaptation is the result of a random mutation, not a result of the environment.
It is a mutation (or variation) that increases an organism’s chance of survival in a specific environment.

12. After observing several different species on different islands in the Galapagos, what did Darwin conclude?
All of the tortoises are the same species.
The differences in the tortoises’ neck size was caused by the island’s food.
All of the tortoises came from a common ancestor.
All of the tortoises are from different ancestor species.

13. After observing several different species on different islands in the Galapagos, what did Darwin conclude?
All of the tortoises are the same species.
The differences in the tortoises’ neck size was caused by the island’s food.
All of the tortoises came from a common ancestor.
All of the tortoises are from different ancestor species.

14. Which is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment?
Variation
Adaptation
Mutation
Natural selection

15. Which is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment?
Variation
Adaptation
Mutation
Natural selection

16. At the park, Ben observes that the dogs are all different sizes and colors. What characteristic is Ben observing?
Camouflage
Adaptation
Natural selection
Variation

17. At the park, Ben observes that the dogs are all different sizes and colors. What characteristic is Ben observing?
Camouflage
Adaptation
Natural selection
Variation

18. What term refers to the breeding of organisms for desired characteristics?
Selective breeding
Adaptation
Variation
Natural selection

19. What term refers to the breeding of organisms for desired characteristics?
Selective breeding
Adaptation
Variation
Natural selection

20. Adaptation Natural selection Evolution Selective breeding
Which refers to the process by which populations of organisms with variations that help them survive in their environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variations?
Adaptation
Natural selection
Evolution
Selective breeding

21. Adaptation Natural selection Evolution Selective breeding
Which refers to the process by which populations of organisms with variations that help them survive in their environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variations?
Adaptation
Natural selection
Evolution
Selective breeding

22. There is evidence that pelicans have existed for 40 million years and are well adapted to their environment. For which function is the beak of this bird best suited?
to scoop up fish
to crack open seeds
to reach nectar in flowers
to dig through tree bark for insects

23. There is evidence that pelicans have existed for 40 million years and are well adapted to their environment. For which function is the beak of this bird best suited?
to scoop up fish
to crack open seeds
to reach nectar in flowers
to dig through tree bark for insects

24. Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds
Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds. As a result, birds avoid eating the monarchs. Over time, the viceroy butterfly has adapted to look very similar to monarch butterflies. Even though the viceroys are non-toxic to birds, the birds avoid the viceroys because they look so similar to the monarch. Which statement best describes this adaptation of the viceroys?
This adaptation helps viceroys easily find mates.
This adaptation helps viceroys survive to reproduce.
This adaptation allows viceroys to look like predators.
This adaptation allows viceroys to behave like monarchs.

25. Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds
Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds. As a result, birds avoid eating the monarchs. Over time, the viceroy butterfly has adapted to look very similar to monarch butterflies. Even though the viceroys are non-toxic to birds, the birds avoid the viceroys because they look so similar to the monarch. Which statement best describes this adaptation of the viceroys?
This adaptation helps viceroys easily find mates.
This adaptation helps viceroys survive to reproduce.
This adaptation allows viceroys to look like predators.
This adaptation allows viceroys to behave like monarchs.

26. Which trait most likely helps an animal survive in a very cold environment?
long ears
large eyes
thick fur
sharp claws

27. Which trait most likely helps an animal survive in a very cold environment?
long ears
large eyes
thick fur
sharp claws

28. Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah
Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah. It has much longer tusks and is much larger than elephant species presently inhabiting the area. This elephant fossil most likely reveals
the diet of early elephants.
that elephants travel in herds.
the function of the trunk of the elephant.
that physical changes occurred in elephants over time.

29. Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah
Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah. It has much longer tusks and is much larger than elephant species presently inhabiting the area. This elephant fossil most likely reveals
the diet of early elephants.
that elephants travel in herds.
the function of the trunk of the elephant.
that physical changes occurred in elephants over time.

30. The diagram shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a species of bird over a period of 300 years. Which best explains the change shown?
Short-beaked birds cannot find food.
Long-beaked birds catch more insects.
Birds with long beaks survived better and reproduced more.
Mutations caused the birds to find new food.

31. The diagram shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a species of bird over a period of 300 years. Which best explains the change shown?
Short-beaked birds cannot find food.
Long-beaked birds catch more insects.
Birds with long beaks survived better and reproduced more.
Mutations caused the birds to find new food.

32. Rounded, floating leaves with waxy covering and flexible stems have made the organism shown suited to the environment in which it lives. Which process is most responsible for adapting this organism to its environment?
genetic drift
climate change
natural selection
asexual reproduction

33. Rounded, floating leaves with waxy covering and flexible stems have made the organism shown suited to the environment in which it lives. Which process is most responsible for adapting this organism to its environment?
genetic drift
climate change
natural selection
asexual reproduction

34. In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks
In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks. Over time, the number of tuskless elephants has increased while the number of elephants with tusks has decreased. What is the most likely explanation for the increase in the number of tuskless elephants?
Fewer elephants with tusks survived to reproduce.
The gene for tusks has become recessive over time.
The hunting of elephants resulted in genetic mutation of the tusk gene.
Elephants began to lose their tusks because of climate changes.

35. In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks
In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks. Over time, the number of tuskless elephants has increased while the number of elephants with tusks has decreased. What is the most likely explanation for the increase in the number of tuskless elephants?
Fewer elephants with tusks survived to reproduce.
The gene for tusks has become recessive over time.
The hunting of elephants resulted in genetic mutation of the tusk gene.
Elephants began to lose their tusks because of climate changes.

36. In the early 1800’s, light-colored moths could be found resting on light-colored trees in England. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the trees began to turn dark because of black soot from factories. By 1898 most of the moths found in England were dark in color. Which most likely enabled the dark-colored moths to survive and reproduce more than the light-colored moths?
Dark-colored moths were covered by pollution and were no longer threatened by predators.
Dark-colored moths were able to convert the soot to a chemical that was toxic to the predators.
Dark-colored moths were faster than light-colored moths and therefore able to escape predators.
Dark-colored moths were able to blend into the dark background and were not easily detected by predators.

37. In the early 1800’s, light-colored moths could be found resting on light-colored trees in England. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the trees began to turn dark because of black soot from factories. By 1898 most of the moths found in England were dark in color. Which most likely enabled the dark-colored moths to survive and reproduce more than the light-colored moths?
Dark-colored moths were covered by pollution and were no longer threatened by predators.
Dark-colored moths were able to convert the soot to a chemical that was toxic to the predators.
Dark-colored moths were faster than light-colored moths and therefore able to escape predators.
Dark-colored moths were able to blend into the dark background and were not easily detected by predators.