C.2.Gexpress and manipulate chemical quantities using scientific conventions and mathematical procedures, including dimensional analysis, scientific notation,

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Presentation transcript:

C.2.Gexpress and manipulate chemical quantities using scientific conventions and mathematical procedures, including dimensional analysis, scientific notation, and significant figures

Units MeasurementMetric base unit Length Mass Volume Time Temperature Pressure Current Density Meters (m) Grams (g) Liters (l) Seconds (s) Kelvin (K) Pascals (Pa) Ampere (A) Grams/milliters (g/ml)

Metric Prefixes Kilo (k) Deci (d) Centi (c) Milli (m) Micro (u) Nano (n) Pico (p) 1000 x larger (1000m=1km) 10 x smaller (10dm = 1m) 100 x smaller (100cm=1m) 1000 x smaller (1000mm=1m) x smaller 1 x 10 9 x smaller 1 x x smaller

Dimensional analysis is a problem-solving method that uses the idea that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value. Dimensional analysis is used to convert one unit of measurement to another unit of measurement using conversion factors. These Conversion Factors are fixed and unchanging relationships. I. What is Dimensional Analysis?

II. Useful Conversions factors:

III.How do you do Dimensional Analysis? There are 5 Steps 1.Write the value of the known ( with UNITS). 2.Draw the dimensional lines or fence. 3. Insert the Conversion Factor. -Place the units of the known on the bottom -place the units of the answer on the top -place the value (number) of the equivalence 4. Do the math, include units in answer.

IV. How do you set up a problem? Using conversion factors and the following set up we can jump from unit to unit in a breeze! Box #1 Write the value that needs to be converted. With units Box # 3 Units of the answer you want Box # 2 One side of the Conversion factor (same unit as in box #1)

V. Lets try Example #A How many Slices are there in 7 Pizzas? Given: 7 Pizzas Want: Slices Conversion: 1 Pizza=8 Slices

Solution Check your work… 7 Pizzas 1 8 Slices 1 Pizza = 56 Slices 1 Now do the Math! Multiply and divide by denominator. Conversion factor

Example B… How old are you in days? Given: 17 years Want: # of days Conversion: 365 days = one year

6205 Days 1 Solution Check your work… 17 Years Days 1 Year =

Example C There are 2.54 cm in one inch. How many inches are in 17.3 cm? Given: 17.3 cm Want: # of inches Conversion: 2.54 cm = one inch

Solution Check your work… 17.3 cm 1 1 in 2.54 cm = 6.81 in 1