CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS Investigation 1 & 2 Mrs. Budinger Science 8

Periodic Table of Elements This is a chart that was introduced by Mendeleyev, as he ordered the elements by their weights and similar properties.

Matter Physical material that has mass and takes up space; e.g., gold, mercury, helium, or the Sun

Particle The smallest sample of a substance that is still that substance; e.g., an atom or a molecule Helium atom model Sugar crystal, magnified 100x

Chemical Reaction When substances combine and change to form new substances; gas, heat, cold or light are some indicators; e.g., cold packs

Chemical Reaction Indicators - For Your Information Temperature change Light is given off Gas is formed Produces electricity A precipitate is formed New substance form (BRAND NEW PRODUCT) Color changes

Substance A form of matter that is unique, that is different from every other form of matter; e.g., iron or water

Element Fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; e.g., carbon

Chemical Name Descriptive name that often uses the names of elements in the substance; e.g., calcium chloride or acetic acid

Chemical Formula Shorthand name for a substance that uses atomic symbols and subscript numbers; e.g. CH 3 CO 2 H

Common Name The everyday name for a substance; e.g., vinegar

Physical Change A change in the size or shape of a substance, but the substance is still the same; e.g., cutting wood

Mixture Combining two or more substances, but the substances are still the same; e.g., salt water

Compound 2 or more different elements combining to make a new substance; e.g., sodium (Na) + chlorine (Cl) make sodium chloride (NaCl)

Atom The smallest particle of an element; e.g., carbon

Molecule Particle made of 2 or more atoms held together with strong bonds; e.g., water (H 2 O) is made of two hydrogen (H) atoms + one oxygen (O) atom

Bond It is the way chemical substances are held together by attraction of atoms to each other or through sharing/exchanging of electrons

Vocabulary Ductile – can be drawn into a wire Lustrous – shiny Malleable – can be hammered into sheets Conductive – ability to transfer heat/electricity Magnetic – attracted by a magnet. Brittle – hard and breakable Group or Family – column on Periodic Table Period – row on Periodic Table

Ductile Able to be drawn out into a thin wire or considered pliable

Lustrous Shiny, glossy, or shimmery

Malleable Can be hammered or pressed into shapes or sheets without breaking

Conductive Ability to transfer heat or electricity

Magnetic Attracted by a magnet

Brittle Hard and breakable

Group or Family Referring to the columns on the Periodic Table The number of valence electrons in their outer shell

Periods Referring to the horizontal rows on the periodic table The number of electron shells or energy shells

Carbohydrate Molecules made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) that we know as sugars and starches and is a main nutrient and energy source for the body

Valence Electrons The electrons in the outer shell of an atom and are involved with bonding to other atoms

Ions or Ionic Compounds Atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons causing the particle to have a charge