5.2 Biomass and Producers 4/13/16

Bell work 32 April 13, 2016 * You will need your composition books today.* Take out your bell work paper, skip a line, write Wednesday, and answer the following questions. You can use your composition books and text books to answer the questions. 1.How do land snails reproduce? 2.What is the abiotic interaction for duckweed? 3.What does instar mean? What instar are your little milk weed bugs if you have any to observe? See page 6 in the book. Remember to write complete sentences when doing your bell work.

5.2 Biomass and Producers Do seeds have Mass? If so, as the plant grows from seed, does the mass increase?

5.2 Biomass and Producers Do seeds have Mass? Yes If so, as the plant grows from seed, does the mass increase? Seems that it would as the plant gets bigger. Mass in an ecosystem that was from organisms is called Biomass. All the organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi, and all the waste and discarded matter (such as leaves) in an ecosystem combine to represent the biomass. If it has mass and is part of an organism or from an organisms, it is biomass.

2. Focus Question 5.2 Put this on the top of the next clean blank page. FQ 5.2 What do producers need to grow and increase biomass? Write your initial response

3-4. Producers experiment and data This question can be resolved by experimentation. Notebook sheet 13, Producers Experiment13, Producers Experiment The text describes the several experimental setups and the data. The first section describes what conditions were present (marked yes), and what conditions were absent (marked no). Notice the data section that shows the growth results in each environment.

3-4. Producers experiment and data Lets go through all of the environments, circle the ones with “no” conditions to identify the differences in environment. Tape this on the left side Calculate the mass change, substrate the starting mass from the ending mass.

5. Discuss and analyze data Discuss in groups why you think that these results occurred. Look at the data, can you identify any patterns? Complete the results and conclusions parts of the producers experiment sheet. Write the results and conclusions on the next page (right side) What materials do plants need to make food? What conditions resulted in an increase in biomass?

6. Results 1.What five factors in the environment were tested in the experiment? 2.Did the beans grow and produce biomass when all five factors were present? 3.How much biomass was produced after 3 weeks? 4.Were all the factors needed for the beans to grow and produce biomass? 5.What factors are needed by plants to grow and produce biomass? 6.What is your evidence? 7.Where do plants naturally get what they need to grow and increase biomass?

6. Results 1.What five factors in the environment were tested in the experiment? Water, light, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. 2.Did the beans grow and produce biomass when all five factors were present? yes 3.How much biomass was produced after 3 weeks? About 50 g 4.Were all the factors needed for the beans to grow and produce biomass? No, beans grew and produced food without oxygen or nitrogen. 5.What factors are needed by plants to grow and produce biomass? Water, light, and carbon dioxide. 6.What is your evidence? Plants did not grow if water, light, or carbon dioxide was absent in the environment. 7.Where do plants naturally get what they need to grow and increase biomass? Water can be taken up from roots in the soil; carbon dioxide comes from the air, light comes from the sun.

7. Photosynthesis The process in plants hat produces sugar is called photosynthesis. Photo-means “light,” and synthesis means “put together.” Photosynthesis means that in the presence of light, plants put carbon dioxide and water together to make sugar. The plant makes sugars, which are one form of carbohydrate. The plant can use sugars as building materials to make other carbohydrates such as starch, and cellulose, which gives plants their rigid structures. This process increases the plant’s biomass. The biomass of sugars and starch are common food sources for plants and animals. Biomass becomes food when an organism consumes it.

7. Photosynthesis Teacher master P, PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis The stored (potential) energy from food comes originally from the Sun (or other light source). During photosynthesis, CO2 molecules are broken into carbon and oxygen atoms and then are rearranged and bonded together in carbohydrate molecules using energy from light. Those bonds store energy for use by the plant, or by a consumer organism that eats the plant. The top line is the basic photosynthesis reaction. Six carbon atoms bonded together form a new molecule: a sugar molecule.

7. Photosynthesis The next one is a more detailed photosynthesis reaction. Sugar molecules have both building materials (atoms) and energy to do things (molecular bonds). You can see in this 3 rd diagram of the sugar molecule that there are 17 single bonds and a double bond.

8. Aerobic cellular respiration Energy stored in biomass becomes available to organisms when the complex molecules, like sugar and starch, break into fragments, releasing energy in the process. Carbohydrate is one form of food. Carbohydrates, like starch and sugar, are chemicals that have energy in the bonds that hold the atoms together.

8. Aerobic cellular respiration When the body breaks down sugars into simpler chemicals, energy stored in the bonds of the molecules is released. This process is called aerobic cellular respiration, and can be thought of as the opposite of photosynthesis. Plants store energy in the bonds of sugars in photosynthesis, and organisms release that energy for use during cellular respiration.

9. Energy loss This process results in energy lost as heat to the environment. Cellular respiration is effective, but not 100% efficient. Some of the energy stored in carbohydrate bonds is lost as heat to the environment. This loss happens during the process of cellular respiration. Return to your notebook sheet and add information about photosynthesis to the conclusion you wrote for the experiment.

11. Notebook entries You should have the following in your answers: Identify photosynthesis as the process that increases biomass in producers Identify water, carbon dioxide, and light as essential components in photosynthesis.

4/14/16 Investigation 5.2

Bell work 32 April 14, 2016 * You will need your composition books today.* Take out your bell work paper, skip a line, write Thursday, and answer the following questions. You can use your composition books and text books to answer the questions. 1.What makes up the biomass in an ecosystem? 2.What do producers need to grow and increase biomass. 3.What do scuds use for shelter? Remember to write complete sentences when doing your bell work.

Producers experiment Results: When nitrogen or oxygen is removed from the plants environment, there is still an increase in biomass, which means the plants still grow. If you remove water, light or carbon dioxide, there is no increase in biomass. The plants must need each of these to grow. Conclusions: Plants need water, light, and carbon dioxide in order to produce food.

4. log sheets You will be able to read observation reports from other times of the day or other days of the week to compare with your own observations. Other classes will be relying on your notes to understand what has been happening during the time you observe the habitats. When changes occur, you will return to the focus question and add your observations there.

5. Log recording 1.Someone with neat writing fill in the date and time of the observation. Initial the observation-sheet. 2.List the populations and the number of organisms in each. 3. Describe observed behaviors and interactions. 4.Prepare a careful drawing of anything that would be interesting to students in other classes. The last column is where you should record maintenance and modification information. For example, Change: Removed dead guppy. Reason: Fouls the water and stinks Be complete and clear as possible, because other groups will read the log to find out what happened.

8. Share Observations What interactions did you observe between individual organisms in the same population? What interactions did you observe between individual organisms in different populations? What interactions did you observe between populations? What interactions did you observe between one or more populations and the physical environment.

12. Reading in Science “Energy and Life” put pages in your books As we read this article together, have a pen, colored pencil, or highlighter ready. When we read an important point, highlight or underline it in the text. If you encounter a word you don’t know, circle the word. And if you have a question about part of the reading, or an interesting idea related to the reading, take notes in the margin of the page.

13. Record vocabulary Aerobic cellular respiration: a process by which organisms convert sugar into usable energy 2.Autotroph: an organism that makes its own food 3.Biomass: the mass of matter produced by organisms in an ecosystem 4.Carbohydrate: food in the form of sugar or starch. 5.Energy: the capacity to do work. Most energy used by organisms comes from the Sun 6.Food: a substance that provides energy and nutrients for organism. 7.Heterotroph: an organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms. 8.Mass: the amount of matter in something. 9.Photosynthesis: the process by which producers make energy-rich molecules (food) from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light.

14. Revisit the focus question Return to the page where you recorded the focus question. What do producers need to grow and increase biomass ? Add to your answer, make sure you include information about how producers make food.