“The Roaring Twenties” SOL USII.6c

Between 1921 and 1929, U.S. manufacturing nearly doubled, bringing ECONOMIC PROSPERITY and new products that extended progress into ALL areas of American life, including NEGLECTED RURAL areas.

Increased Factory and Labor PRODUCTIVITY Henry Ford’s Assembly Line Led to a rise in MECHNAIZATION: the use of machines to replace human labor.

Increased Factory and Labor Productivity Creation of affordable automobiles improved transportation and resulted in: Greater MOBILITY Growth of TRANSPORTATION-related industries including road construction, oil, steel, and automobile manufacturing Creation of JOBS Movement of people to the suburban areas: neighborhoods OUTSIDE of cities

What’s this?

1920s TOASTER

Introduction of ELECTRICITY Labor-saving products like washing machines, electric stoves, water pumps were invented, reducing the amount of LABOR and TIME spent on household chores

Introduction of Electricity Electric LIGHTING spread to businesses and homes

Introduction of Electricity Improved COMMUNICATION Widespread availability of TELEPHONE made INSTANT communication possible ADVERTISEMENTS RADIO MAGAZINES TELEPHONE MOVIES NEWSPAPERS

Introduction of Electricity Radio and movies linked the country in a NATIONAL CULTURE Radio and broadcasting industry reached a huge number of listeners across America Broadcasts included live music, major elections, and sporting events. While cultural differences remained, these shared experiences helped to bridge gaps between RURAL and URBAN areas.

Introduction of Electricity Movies and Hollywood Giant new theaters with balconies and huge screens featured talkies: a motion picture with SOUND Movies quickly became a big business based out of Hollywood, CA

Americans faced new opportunities, challenges, and fears as major SOCIAL changes swept the United States.

In the 1920s, many young women found new INDEPENDENCE in a changing society

Female Independence Women experienced increased access to EDUCATIONAL opportunities that led to growth of the female WORKFORCE. Women with COLLEGE degrees worked as nurses, teachers, librarians, and social workers Women began serving in politics as governors, and state and national legislators.

Female Independence Fashion magazines, Hollywood movies, and advertising helped promote new IMAGES and IDEALS of youthful freedom. FLAPPERS: young women who cut their hair short and wore makeup and short dresses, openly challenging TRADITIONAL ideas of how women were supposed to BEHAVE.

What does MIGRATION mean?

Economic conditions and violence led to the MIGRATION of African Americans called the GREAT MIGRATION.

Reasons for The Great Migration Jobs for African Americans in the South were SCARCE and LOW paying African Americans faced DISCRIMINATION and violence in the South

The Great Migration African Americans moved to cities in the NORTH and MIDWEST in search of better employment opportunities, but CONTINUED to face discrimination in these areas.

Competing ideals caused CONFLICT between Americans with TRADITIONAL beliefs and those with MODERN views, demonstrating that REFORMS could not legislate how all people behaved.

Prohibition: “The Noble Experiment” The 18 TH AMENDMENT which outlawed the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages took effect in Government officials found it nearly impossible to REGULATE prohibition

Regulating Prohibition Americans produced alcohol at home from cleaning supplies or purchased alcohol at speakeasies: establishments that ILLEGALLY sold alcoholic beverages

What’s going on here?

Regulating Prohibition BOOTLEGGERS produced or smuggled alcohol illegally through networks of organized crime COMPETITION to secure and enlarge territories between gangs often led to violent fighting. Al “Scarface” Capone

End to Prohibition In 1933, the 21 ST AMENDMENT repealed the 18th Amendment, officially ending prohibition.

Musicians, artists, actors, and writers contributed to American popular culture in the 1920s and 1930s.

GEORGIA O’KEEFFE A painter known for urban scenes and large floral paintings of the Southwest

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD Novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920’s in his book The Great Gatsby

JOHN STEINBECK Novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the Great Depression in his books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath

AARON COPLAND and GEORGE GERSHWIN Composers who wrote unique, American music

African American artists, writers, and musicians based in HARLEM, NY drew upon the heritage of African American CULTURE to establish themselves as powerful forces for cultural change. The popularity of these artists spread beyond Harlem to the rest of society

JACOB LAWRENCE A painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration

LANGSTON HUGHES A poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots HARLEM (DREAM DEFERRED) What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

DUKE ELLINGTON and LOUIS ARMSTRONG Jazz musicians Duke Ellington Louis Armstrong

BESSIE SMITH Blues singer