SECTION 1 – KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR CHAPTER 30 – THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY

THE 1960 CAMPAIGN th Amendment Presidential Term limit Republicans Richard Nixon Vice President – Henry Cabot Lodge Democrats John F. Kennedy Vice President – Senator Lyndon B. Johnson Help in Southern States Regarded as master of getting legislation passed

NIXON AND KENNEDY DEBATES Nixon leads polls Candidates on the radio Nixon sounds like the winner 4 televised debates Kennedy is viewed as calm Viewed as the winner “we wouldn’t have had a prayer without that gadget” Kennedy defeats Nixon Fewer than 120,000 votes Age 43 Youngest ever President

KENNEDY’S FOREIGN POLICY Continued policy Nuclear buildup Wanted options Flexible response Number of options in cases of national crisis other than nuclear war Creation Green Berets Peace Corps

FOREIGN AID Block Soviet influence Peace Corps Sent American volunteers to work for 2 years in developing countries Doubled aid to Africa Latin America Alliance for Progress Offered billions in aid to participating countries in Latin America who were creating democratic reforms and introducing capitalism Failure Political Corruption

THE BAY OF PIGS Fidel Castro Overthrew Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista Sets up Communist Dictatorship “Reason President Kennedy can’t sleep at night” CIA plan to overthrow Castro Eisenhower administration 1,500 anti-Castro Cuban refugees Disaster No air strikes No Naval support Cuban Military 72 hours to crush invasion 1,200 taken prisoner Cuban Government Closer to the Soviets

BERLIN CRISIS After Bay of Pigs Khrushchev thinks Kennedy is weak Khrushchev demands West Germany recognize East Germany Remove troops from West Berlin Kennedy Did not want war Did not want to lose faith of American people Barbed Wire barrier U.S. and Soviets eye to eye Barrier stopped movement from East to West Symbol of the Cold War Berlin Wall

THE MISSILES OF OCTOBER Castro Asks for defensive weapons Soviets Send offensive weapons Could hit eastern cities of U.S. U-2 Spy Planes Launching pads San Cristobal October 22 nd, 1962 National TV – Kennedy Any armed ships bound for Cuba would be forcibly turned back Demanded Soviets remove missiles

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS The “button” Next 2 days Soviets Armed missiles in Cuba Sailed toward blockade U.S. B-52’s armed with nuclear weapons October 24 th, 1962 Soviet ships stop and return home “we were eyeball to eyeball and I think the other fellow just blinked” Secretary of State – Dean Rusk Compromise Khrushchev removes bombs Kennedy promises not to invade Cuba Known as the Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 U.S., Britain, Soviet Union Sign Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Creation of the hotline