Indo-European Migrations: 4m- 2m BCE

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Sumerians

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Cuneiform Writing

Deciphering Cuneiform

Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story

Ziggurat at Ur  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”

Mesopotamian Harp

Board Game From Ur

Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

The Babylonian Empires

Hammurabi’s [r B. C. E.] Code

Hammurabi, the Judge

Babylonian Math

Babylonian Numbers

A View of Egypt by Satellite

The Fertile Nile Valley

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c B. C. E. ?

Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must- Haves” Perfume Whigs Mirror

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Thutmose III B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E. Tutankham on B. C. E.

Papyrus  Paper Papyrus Plant Hieratic Scroll Piece

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship ,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian Mummies Seti I B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E.

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid Complex

The Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut B. C. E.

Abraham’s Geneaology ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s Journeys

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The Torah  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

Ancient Palestine

Land of Goshen, Egypt

Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

The Exodus

Route of the Exodus

Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

Mount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai

King David’s Empire

Solomon’s Kingdom Solomon’s Kingdom

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle The Arc of the Covenant

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Kingdoms of Judah & Israel Kingdoms of Judah & Israel

Israelites in Captivity

Jerusalem: Reading the Torah

Herod the Great’s Kingdom

Roman Palestine

The Beginnings of Christianity in Bethlehem

Jesus’ Mission Agony in the Garden Crucifixion Baptism

The Resurrection: The Church Triumphant

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

The Jewish Revolt (66-70 C. E.)

Masada: Never Again! Roman Encampment

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Essene Ruins at Qumran

The Essene Community at Qumran

Isaiah Scroll

Dead Sea Scrolls Museum Israel

The Jewish Diaspora