Fukushima Ocean Impact Symposium How do we consider the Fukushima Accident from the Perspective on Ocean Policy November 13 th, 2012 Sanjo Kaikan, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Hiroyuki Nakahara Professor, Yokohama National University Managing Director, Research Institute for Ocean Economics 1

(Source; SAPIO magazine) Hypothetical 200-mile Zone of Japan and the location of Fukushima PacificPlate NorthAmericaPlate EurasiaPlate Philippine Sea Plate Territorial Sea (12-mile ) Contiguous Zone (12-mile of outside of Territorial Sea) 200-mile EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) (Source; Japan Coast Guard) 2

Fukushima #1 NPP 12 mile Territorial Sea ( ≒ 22km ） Kyodo Fishing Right Zone Pacific Ocean (EEZ ／ High Seas) Sea Areas; Offshore Fukushima 3

Monitoring Cruise Map of JAMSTEC Fleet 525 days, As of May 12, 2012 Radius 20km around Fukushima #1 NPP 4 (Source; JAMSTEC)

Monitoring Points by Gov’t Agencies and TEPCO (as of March 30, 2012) Seawater, Sediment by MEXT Seawater, Sediment by MEXT(Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) Seawater by JCG JCG (Japan Coast Guard) Seawater, Sediment by MOE Seawater, Sediment by MOE (Ministry of Environment) Seawater, Sediment, Biota, Plankton by TEPCO(Tokyo Electric Power Co.) (Source; MEXT, Fisheries Agency, MLIT, JCG, JMA, MOE, Fukushima Prefecture, TEPCO, JMA, MOE, Fukushima Prefecture, TEPCO, Plan of Ocean Monitoring in FY2012, Plan of Ocean Monitoring in FY2012, ) ) 5

Monitoring Activities by RVs (April – September, 2011) (Source; Monitoring Sub-Working Group, Oceanographic Society of Japan, (Source; Monitoring Sub-Working Group, Oceanographic Society of Japan, JOS Newsletter No.3, ) JOS Newsletter No.3, ) 6

(Source; ibid) Government’s Monitoring (2011.May-Augaust) Monitoring Activities by RVs (2) (October – March, 2012) 7

Basic Act on Ocean Policy enacted on April 20 th, promulgated on April 27 th, entered into force on July 20 th, 2007 Basic Plan on Ocean Policy authorized by the Cabinet on March 8 th,2008 (To be revised every five years →2013) Basic Act on Ocean Policy enacted on April 20 th, promulgated on April 27 th, entered into force on July 20 th, 2007 Basic Plan on Ocean Policy authorized by the Cabinet on March 8 th,2008 (To be revised every five years →2013) Major Milestones of Japan Ocean Policy March 11 th, 2011, East Japan Great Disaster March 11 th, 2011, East Japan Great Disaster 〔 North-East Pacific Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident 〕 〔 North-East Pacific Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident 〕 Intensive discussion on the Revision of the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy, including Recovery from the Disaster, and Renewable Energy Development, is now underway! Renewable Energy Development, is now underway ! 8

Characteristics of Basic Act on Ocean Policy ◆ Cross-Ministerial Law ◆ Basis for Comprehensive and Systematic Policy Planning and Execution (Basic Plan on Ocean Policy required) (Basic Plan on Ocean Policy required) ◆ Set up of “Headquarters for Ocean Policy” Director-General ・・・・・・・ Prime Minister Director-General ・・・・・・・ Prime Minister Vice Director-General ・・ Chief Cabinet Secretary and Vice Director-General ・・ Chief Cabinet Secretary and Minister for Ocean Policy Minister for Ocean Policy Members ・・・・・・・・・・・・・ All Ministers of the State Members ・・・・・・・・・・・・・ All Ministers of the State 9

development use conservation i) Harmonization of the Development and Use of the Oceans with the Conservation of Marine Environment v) Comprehensive Governance of the Oceans vi) International Partnership with regard to the Oceans iii) Improvement of Scientific Knowledge of the Oceans iv) Sound Development of Ocean Industries ii) Securing the Safety and Security on the Oceans Outline of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy Six Basic Principles (Source; HQ for Ocean Policy, Cabinet Secretariat, Japan) 10

1. Promotion of Development and Use of Ocean Resources 2. Conservation of Marine Environment, etc 3. Promotion of Development of Exclusive Economic Zone, etc. 4. Securing Maritime Transport 5. Securing the Safety and Security of the Oceans 6. Promotion of Ocean Survey 7. Promotion of Research and Development of Ocean Science and Technology, etc Science and Technology, etc 8. Promotion of Ocean Industries and Strengthening the International Competitiveness the International Competitiveness 9. Integrated Management of the Coastal Zone 10.Conservation of the Remote Islands, etc 11. Securing International Coordination and Promotion of International Cooperation International Cooperation 12. Enhancement of Citizen's Understanding of the Oceans, etc Outline of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy :Twelve Basic Measures Outline of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy :Twelve Basic Measures (Source; HQ for Ocean Policy, Cabinet Secretariat, Japan) 11

Basic Plan on Ocean Policy authorized by the Cabinet on March 8 th,2008 － CONTENTS － General Remarks Chapter 1 Basic Policy of Measures with regard to the Sea Chapter 2 Measures That the Government Should Take Comprehensively and Systematically with regard to the Sea 2 Preservation of marine environment, etc. (1) Efforts for ensuring biodiversity (2) Efforts for reducing environmental load (3) Promotion of continuous surveys and research for preservation of marine environment 12

2 Preservation of marine environment, etc UNCLOS and other laws require all States to make efforts for preserving the marine environment Considering that the sea is the common asset of humankind, measures for preserving the marine environment should be promoted under international cooperation. (1)Efforts for ensuring biodiversity For effectively ensuring biodiversity, measures should be taken intensively in key marine areas In order to promote research activities by various entities and actions with due consideration to ensuring biodiversity, information on marine biodiversity should be compiled as the “marine natural environment information map” and be provided. 13

3. Long-term Ocean Monitoring Program is to be properly plugged into the next 5-year be properly plugged into the next 5-year Basic Plan on Ocean Policy (starts in 2013). Basic Plan on Ocean Policy (starts in 2013). CONCLUSION : Necessity of political initiative 1.At-a-glance-style, Cross-sector-integrated, Easy-to-access Information on Ocean Data Acquisition Activities is to be publicized. Easy-to-access Information on Ocean Data Acquisition Activities is to be publicized. ---Who of Which organizations do What kinds of monitoring ---Who of Which organizations do What kinds of monitoring (measuring items) at Where (sea areas/points) in When (time, (measuring items) at Where (sea areas/points) in When (time, duration, interval) and How (RV/measuring tools/etc) ? duration, interval) and How (RV/measuring tools/etc) ? 2. Inter-Sectorial Cooperation is to be encouraged more among Nat’l & Local encouraged more among Nat’l & Local Government, Academia, and Industries. Government, Academia, and Industries. 14

Thank you very much for your attention. Hiroyuki Nakahara 15