1. Coordinating with the International Community Strengthening Institutions: Strategies for Cooperative Management in the Marine Environment of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas 5 March 2011 - Anchorage, Alaska Betsy Baker - Vermont Law School Institute for Energy and the Environment

3. Five Models Model 1: Alaska Ocean Management at Present Model 2: Co-Management Plus* Model 3: Marine Systems Knowledge Cooperative* Model 4: Regional Ocean Roundtable Model 5: Coastal Zone Management Plus* Models 2, 3, 5 have some form of Russian/Canadian observer or delegation status

4. International Links in the Five Models Model 1: Alaska Ocean Management at Present no stated link Model 2: Co-Management Plus First Hub: Arctic Seas Council Second Hub: Science/knowledge hub has multiple spokes to international partners: Chukotka marine mammal hunters, Russian marine scientists, Inuvialuit Game Board/Fisheries Jt Mgmt Committee, CA Beaufort Sea Partnership Science Group

5. International Links in the Five Models, cont’d. Model 3: Marine Systems Knowledge Cooperative Russian/Canadian Delegations Model 4: Regional Ocean Roundtable no stated link Model 5: Coastal Zone Management Plus Canadian and Russian Observers The fact that a model contains no specific international connection does not preclude links through other participants.

6. IBCAO International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean What/Who make up the “International Community”?

7. Forms of “International Community”? Regional and Subnational Cooperation Inuvialuit-Inupiat Polar Bear Agreement 1998 Northern Forum Bilateral Cooperation Science and Technology Agreements (e.g. CA-US, RU-US) NOAA-RussAcad.Sci. Coop. Oceans & Polar Regions 2003 Canada-US Arctic Cooperation Agreement 1988 Coast Guard joint exercises and planning Obama-Medvedev (US Bilateral Presidential Commission) Multilateral Cooperation Arctic Council (States and Permanent Participants) UN Convention on Law of the Sea e.g. Intl’ Whaling Commission; Int’l Maritime Organization; Int’l Oceanographic Commission; fisheries treaties Scientific bodies: IASC, AOSB, Int’l Arctic Buoy Program

8. PAME/Arctic Council: Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Guidelines Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Guidelines endorsed by the Arctic Council in 2009; revised every two years Nonbinding Seven sections: - Operating Practices,- EIA, - Environmental Monitoring, - Safety and Environmental Management, - Emergencies, -Arctic Communities, - Decommissioning and Site Clearance

9. Arctic Council Draft Map of 17 Large Marine Ecosystems in the Arctic Ecologic/Arctic TRANSFORM Envt’l Governance in the Marine Arctic 2008, p. 10 Adapted from PAME Oct 2006 Draft Map www.lme.noaa.gov Arctic Council: Arctic LMEs

10. National Ocean Policy 5. “Strengthen and integrate federal and non-federal ocean observing systems, sensors, data collection platforms, data management, and mapping capabilities into a national system and integrate that system into international observation efforts.” p. 40. 6. “Enhance interagency, intergovernmental, and international communication and collaboration.” p. 48

11. National Ocean Policy 5. “The development of CMSP provides opportunities for engagement with other countries, in coordination with the Department of State and other relevant agencies. The views and decisions of relevant international fora should be taken into account, where appropriate, in CMSP and the development of CMS Plans.” p. 46.

12. National Ocean Policy 5. Discussing Regional Planning bodies: “It is also recognized that the United States shares maritime boundaries with other nations (e.g., Canada and Mexico) and the regional planning bodies for those respective areas may include ex officio representatives or observers from these nations.” p. 53.

13. Build on existing institutions How do you already draw on international colleagues, information? Learn from other models: PICES Beaufort Sea Integrated Management Plan Initiative

14. Thank you. ✤ Betsy Baker, Vermont Law School ✤ Institute for Energy and Environment ✤ bbaker@vermontlaw.edu bbaker@vermontlaw.edu