Patrícia Alves nº17 Raquel Ferreira nº18 Rita Pereira nº19 Salomé Martins nº20

Egaz Moniz “The lobotomy maestro”

Egas Moniz (Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire), borned in Avanca on 29 November 1874

Went to primary education in Pardilhó, studied liceais studies at the College of St. Faithful of the Jesuits and the last years in high school of Viseu. After the history of Medicine in Coimbra since 1891, is enrolled in the Faculty in Finishes the course in 1899, graduate in Medicine, 14 July 1902 and from 1903 was professor in the Faculty (Anatomy, Physiology and General Pathology later).

It was in France, which sought to make his neurological training. He worked first in Bordeaux with Pitres and Abadie and later in Psychiatry with Regis. In Paris, he learned with great Neurologists time, Raymond, Pierre Marie, and Degérine Babinski.

In college in Lisbon is also dedicated to the research work of Cerebral Angiography and pre-frontal leucotomy, which became world famous.

During some years, he dedicated a political career: Portuguese menber in the parliament ( ) Minister of Foreign Affairs (1918) Ambassador in Spain ( )

After the success of angiography's diagnostic and progress in Neurology, he began his studies in ''mental illness". In 1935, an international conference of Neurology, he heard a lecture about effects of frontal leucotomy (surgery cutting of nerve fibers that connect the frontal lobe to other parts of the brain) in behavior of chimpanzees. After this surgery the chimpanzeeshad remained intelligent, alert and sociable. The leucotomy was subsequently called lobotomy by Walter Freeman.

Egas Moniz said that, up to destroyed the fibers that connect the frontal lobe, patients could improve. In November 1935, Egas Moniz and Almeida Lima performed the first leucotomy would treat mental illness with schizophrenia psychoses, etc. This discovery gave him entry into in the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and didi so for various socio Foreign Academies, Including the Paris, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro, Strasbourg, Buenos Aires, Nova York e Lyon.

In 1944, a former patient shot at Egas Moniz, reaching him a leg and forced him to stayed in a wheelchair of the rest of life. In 1949 he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the development of lobotomy. He died in Lisbon on 13 December 1955.

During his life, Egas Moniz manifested remarkable Speaker and Lecture, Writer, Industrial and Collector of Art. We put it in the legion of Experts, the pioneers, those who step by step, succeeded in some way modify the course of history.

International Activity - President of the Class of Medicine of the Academy of World Artists and Teachers of Rome. - Partner Foreign Correspondent of the Society of Neurology in Estonia. - Foreign Corresponding Menber of the society of Oto-Neuro- Ophthalmology of Strasbourg. - Honorary Membership of the society Radio- Neurosurgery Italian. - Member of Honor of the German Society of Neurosurgery. - Foreign Corresponding Member of the Society of Neurology and Psychiatry of Buenos Aires.- - Honorary Member of the Academy of medical-surgical Ferrara. - Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London. - Honorary Membership of the Society of Neurology in New York. - Honorary Member of the American Neurological Association and the American Academy of Neurology - Corresponding Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid. - President of the Class of Sciences in 1940, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1951 and (...)

Honors - Doctor "Honoris - Cause" by the University of Lyon. - Doctor "Honoris - Cause" by the University of Bordeaux. - Grand Cross of Isabel the Catholic of Spain. - Grand Cross of Instruction and Benemerência. - Grand Cross of St. James of Espada. - Commander of the Union of Honor from France. - Medal of Honor Red Cross Germany. - Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy. - Prize of Oslo Nobel Prize in Medicine on 27 October 1949

Phrases: "As if you could forget the land where I did my dear doctor, where I spent the most enjoyable life of student who was in Portugal! Coimbra, land of dreams where my youth revives every step. " "I believe Man of Letters, although she delivered in hours of rest, was the medical science that gave the most of my efforts and my business." Egas Moniz

Pictures We ask the special attention not to cause any inconvenience to the viewing of these images as shocking.

The end The history of one of the most important person for the Medicine Evolution Egaz Moniz

November 1874 to December 1955