ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (1700- 1798 )

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Presentation transcript:

ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ( )

18 th century (Enlightenment) The Age of Reason (anything could be achieved through the calm working of the human mind) The Age of Classicism (in all the arts there was a fascination with Ancient Greece and Rome The Age of Elegance (it displayed among the upper classes an elegant style of life) General features: creative works show a sense of order and moderation; authors display their cleverness, but not their heart and soul. Arguments in prose are calm and logical; poems are carefully structured and often contain classical allusions. Some writers satirize “elegant” society or politics. *allusion - a literary term regarding the use of an implied or indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea

English literature in the 18 th century Augustan Age, a reference to the prosperous Rome of Emperor Augustus, when commerce and great literature thrived. Augustan literature is sometimes divided into two periods, each named for its most influential men of letters : The Age of Pope The Age of Johnson

Alexander Pope ( ) the greatest verse satire - Rape of Lock pastoral poetry essays: Essay on Criticism Essay on Man * satire - the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices

Samuel Johnson ( ) - critic, poet, playwright, lexicographer, essayist, and biographer poem: The Vanity of Human Wishes ten volumes of critical biographies: Lives of Poets first ever Dictionary of the English Language

James Boswell ( ) the first modern biography: The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) non-fiction works: An Account of Corsica Journal to a Tour to Hebrides

Jonathan Swift ( ) - enjoyed the reputation of 18 th -century greatest prose writer satires : A Tale of Tub (a poem that ridicules the extravagances of religion, literature, and academia) The Battle of the Books (a mock debate between ancient and modern authors)

Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece Gulliver’s Travels (1726) * parody - an imitation of a particular writer or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect

Joseph Addison ( ) Richard Steele ( ) -one of the most famous literary collaboration in the English literature -literary journals: The Tatler and The Spectator

Daniel Defoe ( ) novels : Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton Captain Jack Moll Flanders Roxanda travel book: Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain

The Emergence of the Novel novel - a lengthy fictional story with a plot that is revealed by the speech, action, and thoughts of characters gothic novel novel of manners novel of sentiment picaresque novel

gothic novel - a type of fiction that is usually characterized by gloomy castles, ghosts, and supernatural or sensational happenings – creating a mysterious, chilling, and sometimes frightening story, e.g. Anne Radcliffe’s Mysteries of Udolpho

novel of manners - a type of fiction that recreates a social world, conveying the customs, values, and mores through detailed observation, e.g. Maria Edgeworth’s Belinda

novel of sentiment - a type of fiction which is characterized by extreme emotion, e.g. Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa

picaresque novel - a type of fiction consisting of a lengthy string of loosely connected events; it usually features the adventures of a rogue, a scamp, living by his wits in the middle-class society, e.g. Tobias Smollett’s The Adventures of Roderick Random

Pre-Romantic poets Thomas Gray Robert Burns William Blake