1. 小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红
History and Anthology of English Literature
THE 18TH CENTURY
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT IN ENGLAND
小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红

2. Outline A brief account of the historical situation
Enlightenment Movement
Chief literary achievements of that period
Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe

3. A Brief Account of the Historical Situation
1) In The Political Field
A bloodless change of hands at the top of the state
—— the Glorious Revolution
Power shifted easily between two main parties.
the Whigs: to safeguard popular liberty
the Tories: with tender memories of kingcraft

4. A Brief Account of the Historical Situation
2) In The Economic Field
The government allowed traders the greatest freedom in managing business.
Factories and plants mushroomed everywhere.
—— the Industrial Revolution in England

5. A Brief Account of the Historical Situation
3) In The Social Field
Thousand public coffeehouses and private clubs appeared.
Englishman developed his sociability.
People set the fashion in manners or dress.

6. A Brief Account of the Historical Situation
4) In The Ideological Field
religion development
Enlightenment Movement in England

7. an elite cultural movement of intellectuals
Enlightenment Movement
an elite cultural movement of intellectuals
Originating: 1650–1700
Centre: France
Originators: philosophers Baruch Spinoza, John Locke,
Pierre Bayle, mathematician Isaac Newton and
Voltaire

8. Enlightenment Movement
was based in salons and culminated in the great Encyclopédie (encyclopedia).

9. Enlightenment Movement
Contributions:
It promoted intellectual interchange.
It opposed intolerance and abuses in Church and
state.

10. Chief literary achievements of the period
Three main divisions :
the reign of so-called classicism
the revival of romantic poetry
the beginnings of the modern novel

11. Chief literary achievements of the period
The genre of Neoclassicism:
Joseph Addison ( )
Richard Steele ( )
Alexander Pope ( )
The essays and stories devoted not only to social problems, but also to private life and adventures, gave an impetus to the development of the 18th century novel.

12. Chief literary achievements of the period
The genre of the bourgeois realistic novel:
Daniel Defoe ( )
Henry Fielding ( )
Tobias George Smollet ( )
That is a prose fiction telling the story of common people’s experiences with an effort in the structure of the plot and the characterisation of its protagonists.

13. Chief literary achievements of the period
The genre of sentimentalism:
Oliver Goldsmith ( )
Laurence Sterne ( )
It presents a new view of human nature and criticizes the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the social injustices.

14. Chief literary achievements of the period
The genre of pre-romanticism:
Horace Walpole ( )
Ann Radcliff ( )
It found its most manifest expression in the “Gothic novel”, and returned to nature and to plain humanity for its material.

15. Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) 1) His Life a prolific and versatile writer
“the discovery of the modern novel”
a pioneer of economic journalism
“Father of the Free Trade”
“Father of Modern Journalism”
a jack-of-all-trades
a radical Nonconformist in religion
a trader

16. Daniel Defoe ( )
2) His Literary Achievements

17. Robinson Crusoe (1719)
1) The Story:

18. Robinson Crusoe (1719) 2) Some Comments:
Crusoe shows many positive sides of the rising middle class.
Crusoe demonstrates a strong sense of individualism.
Robinson Crusoe marked the beginning of realistic fictions as a literary genre .
If you want to know more about it, just get to read the novel of it.

19. 小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红
History and Anthology of English Literature
Thx for listening!
小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红