 Agenda  1) Spread of Islam PPT  2) Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly Mini Q  What’s Due  Mini Q  What’s Next  Start Middle Ages

 There is no word that rhymes with “month.”  Every year, millions of trees around the world grow where squirrels forgot their buried nuts.  Jimmy Carter once left nuclear launch codes in his dry cleaning. Oops.  The average person eats about 60,000 pounds of food in their lifetime. That’s six elephants, in case you were wondering.

 Muhammad began preaching Islam in Mecca, but was met with resistance  Local leaders believed Muhammad to be a threat to their power and prosperity  Feared Mecca would lose its role as a pilgrimage location

 As a result of persecution, Muhammad decided to flee Mecca  Hejira: Migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina (“city of the Prophet”) in 622  Became a leader with 3 hats on way to uniting entire Peninsula  Political Leader  Seen as uniting people of Medina  Jews and Arabs  Religious Leader  Converts due to appeal of religion  Military Leader  Built up strength of Medina during times of struggle with Mecca

 The new Muslim community in Medina attacked Mecca, and the city surrendered in 630  Muhammad went to the Ka’aba, destroyed all the idols, and called people to prayer › Most in Mecca pledged loyalty to Islam › Joined umma, or Muslim community

 Political unity of the first Muslim community was short- lived  Muhammad died unexpectedly with five daughters and NO successor  Argument broke out over who should be the successor (“caliph”) to Muhammad

“Rightly Guided Caliphate” served as caliphs following Muhammad’s death: Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali Used the Qur’an and teachings of Muhammad to teach and spread Islam Continued to expand the influence of Islam by using strong military force Did not force conversion, although many chose to Had to pay tax  Exception “People of the Book” Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia creating an Islamic Empire

 Ali was assassinated in 661 over a struggle for power  Lack of stability- three of the first four caliphs were assassinated

 Moved the capital from Medina to Damascus (modern-day Syria)  Easier to rule the vast empire  Many felt it was too far from holy land  Changes  Set up heredity system of rule  Abandoned traditional life of caliphs and lived a life of luxury

 Islam Splits  Action of Uyymads and question over leadership led to a split into two groups: o Sunnis: “People of Tradition and Community”  Believe that any devout follower of Islam can be the caliph  Did not resist Umayyad, but did not like life of luxury  Majority of Muslims today o Shi’a (Shi’ites): “Party of Ali” o Believe that the leader of Islam should be of the bloodline of Muhammad  Believed Ali and his heirs were the rightful successors to Muhammad  Resisted the Umayyad rule

 The Umayyads were overthrown in 750 by the Abbasids o Advanced Islam as far as Tours in Northern France  Defeated by Charles Martel’s Frankish army in 732 at the Battle of Tours  Moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad  More central to trade in the region  Ruled over the Islamic Golden Age

 Fatimid Dynasty  Rival dynasty that controlled North Africa and the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula  Despite rivalry, Muslims worked together to control trade in the numerous ports along the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean  The Islamic Empire was a powerful and influential empire until 1258 when Baghdad was conquered by the Mongols.

 The Next Step of DBQ Writing  As you flip through the DBQ, you will notice one big difference from the previous DBQ….THERE ARE NO GUIDING QUESTIONS!  This is more like a true DBQ on an AP test, no guiding questions  FYI: The NEXT step is the FULL DBQ. So far we have….  Written Thesis Statements  Analyzed Primary Resources w help  Bucketed Documents and Content  Written Body Paragraphs  Analyzed Primary Resources w/o help

 For each document, determine the following. It is up to you have you organize it, but be DETAILED:  Topic of the document  Reasons it shows how Islam spread quickly OR Reasons it shows how Islam did not spread quickly WITH support.  Then, on the front, write a thesis statement to answer the question  Remember, a thesis statement shows tension. Islam spread quickly (or not) because x and y, however z.  Be prepared to see this again on Wednesday…