MITOSIS GRUDGEBALL

1 How many diploid chromosomes are found in human body cells? 46 (they are in pairs!)

2 How many haploid chromosomes are found in human gametes? 23 single chromosomes

3 How many total pairs of chromosomes does a human body cell have? 23 pairs

4 How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes does a human body cell have? 22 pairs

5 How many sex chromosomes does a human body cell have? 2 total (1 pair)

6 What are gametes? – Reproductive cells, sperm and egg, sex cells

7 What is the female gamete? – Egg (ovum)

8 What is the male gamete? – sperm

9 What are the male sex chromosomes? – XY

10 What are the female sex chromosomes? – XX

11 Where are the female gametes produced? – ovaries

12 Where are the male gametes produced? – testes

13 What does fertilization immediately produce? – A diploid zygote with 46 homologous chromosomes

14 The diagram below represents some stages of early embryonic development. Which process is represented by the arrows in the diagram? mitosis

15 List the stages of the cell cycle in order. – Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

16 What is the last stage of mitosis? What happens here? – Telophase- when the cell begins to split into two and form two new nuclei

17 What is the difference between plant and animal cell telophase? – Plants: form a cell plate – Animals: form a cleavage furrow

18. Explain the process of mitosis… – Chromosomes are replicated and two identical daughter nuclei are formed – Type of asexual reproduction that happens in body cells

19 What are homologous chromosomes? – Pairs of chromosomes in which one chromosome came from the father’s sperm and the other chromosome came from the mother’s egg

20 Complete his diagram to summarize mitosis. 2n

21 During which phase do chromosomes become visible? – prophase

22 Draw an animal cell with 4 chromosomes in prophase. – Chromosomes appear as sister chromatids here

23 Draw an animal cell with 4 chromosomes in metaphase. – Chromosomes line up in the middle

24. Draw an animal cell with 4 chromosomes in anaphase. – Sister chromatids pull away from each other

25 Draw an animal cell with 4 chromosomes in telophase. – Two new nuclei form and the cell starts to form a cleavage furrow by pinching inwards

26 During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? – Interphase….this forms sister chromatids

27 Which stage of the cell cycle lasts the longest? – Interphase

28 Uncontrolled cell division is characteristic of… – Cancer

29 Draw a chromosome with two sister chromatids attached by a centromere.

30 After mitotic cell division, how many chromosomes does each new daughter cell contain as compared to the parent cell? – The same number of chromosomes…in a human this would be 46 – Remember…the cell cycle and mitosis produce identical daughter cells

31 What determines the sex of a person? – Whether or not the sperm that fertilizes the egg contains and X- or Y- chromosome

33 If a male gamete has 24 chromosomes and a female gamete has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would there be in a zygote after fertilization? Draw a picture to show this. – 48