The Social Protection Floor Valerie Schmitt, DWT Bangkok Jakarta, 26 May 2011

The Social Protection Floor Agenda: –Social Security & Social Protection floor –Social Protection floor initiative –Assessment of SS situations based on the SPF framework I hope that you will understand the SPF concept and the assessment main steps

A series of public measures to provide access & protect against: 1. Access to medical care What is Social security? 2. Sickness 3. Unemployment 4. Old age benefit 5. Employment injury 6. Family benefit 7. Maternity benefit 8. Invalidity benefit 9. Survivor’s benefit

Various design options What is Social security? Schemes can be: –Statutory contributory social insurance (ex: Jamsostek) –Targeted tax-financed social assistance (ex: Subsidized health care for the poor in Indonesia or Viet Nam) –Universal coverage schemes (ex: UCS in Thailand, 500 THB scheme in Thailand) Administration can be through Public institutions, or Private entities with public mandate

What is Social security? Near poor Poor Jamkesmas for health only (33% population) Civil servants Askes, Taspen (7% population), Asabri (0.5%) Private sector Jamsostek & others (6.4% pop for health, 8% of total workforce for other benefits ) Informal economy Jamsostek pilot prog. (150,000 p) Nothing for more than half of the population Statutory contributory social insurance for formal sector workers Level of coverage Targeted tax-financed social assistance for the poor Attempts to expand coverage to informal economy

What the ILO recommends? Informal economyNear poor Poor Civil servants Private sector Level of coverage Provide a minimum level of coverage to the whole population: the Floor

What the ILO recommends? Informal economyNear poor Poor Civil servants Private sector Level of coverage Based on this universal floor provide higher levels of benefits through contributory/subsidized schemes

The SPF is defined in terms of guarantees (each country chooses the levels & types of benefits) Four guarantees:  All residents have access to essential health care  All children enjoy income security through transfers in cash or kind  access to nutrition, education and care  All those in active age groups who cannot earn sufficient income enjoy a minimum income security (transfer in cash or in kind & employment guarantee schemes)  All residents in old age and with disabilities have income security through pensions or transfers in kind

Examples of benefits (4 guarantees)  Health care  Children  Working age  Elderly & vulnerable (that cannot work) Income security (transfers in cash or in kind) for: Targeted tax-funded schemes – Viet Nam, India, Indonesia (Jamkesmas / Jamkesda) Universal tax-funded schemes (UCS) - Thailand Scholarships, food school, school buses, conditional cash transfers (4Ps Philippines) Food distribution, Housing programs, Minimum living standard (China), Income guarantee schemes and Public Employment Progr. (India) Food distribution, Minimum pensions

India: RSBY, NREGA Thailand: UC scheme, minimum pension scheme (500 THB) Cambodia: CARD’s SP strategy for the poor and the vulnerable with clear reference to the SPF … including HEFs, CBHIs, Food distribution, Cash transfers, PEPs… Lao: extension of SHP for all Vietnam: 10 years Social security strategy Elements of the SPF in Asia Indonesia: Implemen- tation of SS Law starting with health: Jamkesmas China: minimum living standard guarantee program; new rural corporative medical care (NRCMC); health insurance for urban uninsured residents (HIUR); rural old-age pension Philippines: 4Ps

The SPF in National Social protection strategies Example of Cambodia Some countries have already “nationalized” the SS staircase and included it in their national social protection strategies… a relevant tool

The Social Protection Floor Agenda: –Social Security & Social Protection floor –Social Protection floor initiative –Assessment of SS situations based on the SPF framework

The SPF initiative One of the nine initiatives of the UN CEB to face the crisis and accelerate recovery (2009) 1.Additional financing for the most vulnerable 2.Food Security 3.Trade 4.A Green Economy Initiative 5.A Global Jobs Pact 6.A Social Protection Floor 7.Humanitarian, Security and Social Stability 8.Technology and Innovation 9.Monitoring and Analysis ILO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDESA, WFP, UNESCO, FAO, UN HABITAT, UNFPA, World Bank, Helpage, …

A coalition in place (17 UN agencies) A manual & strategic framework Tools development (ex: rapid assessment) SPF success stories (South-South exchange initiative) Knowledge sharing through the GESS platform Joint training programme (Turin) Joint briefings of UN resident coordinators UNDG-AP briefing note SPF teams or working groups in the countries (ex: Thailand) A SPF Advisory Group headed by Mrs Bachelet A flagship Global SPF Report under preparation Upcoming G20 (sept. 2011) on Social Protection Floor The SPF initiative

The Social Protection Floor Agenda: –Social Security & Social Protection floor –Social Protection floor initiative –Assessment of SS situations based on the SPF framework

Assessment & Costing  Use the social protection floor framework to: Describe existing schemes & strategy Identify the policy and implementation gaps if any Draw recommendations & identify additional social protection provisions to be introduced: “scenarios”  Complete the assessment by : A rapid costing exercise (estimate the cost of “scenarios”) Comprehensive feasibility studies for the design of the new schemes Continuous Decide on priority policy developments & implementation measures through a national dialogue

PRELIMINARY COSTING COSTING THE GAPS How much would it cost to introduce the guarantees that are not foreseen or still “scattered”?  STOCK TAKING - Existing schemes, indicators (coverage, benefits) - Planned schemes (NSP strategy)  COMPARING WITH SPF FRAMEWORK -Income security for children, working age, elderly -Health care for all  FINDING THE GAPS: Policy gaps & Implementation issues: low coverage, limited benefits  low adequacy, delivery issues  low accessibility ASSESSMENT MATRIX  NATIONAL DIALOGUE Assessment & Costing FEASIBILITY STUDIES  DESIGN OF NEW SCHEMES

SPF objectives Existing SP provision What is foreseen in the SP Strategy Gaps Agencies involved Priorities Design gaps Implemen- tation gaps Health Children Working age Elderly Objective: A tool to analyse to what extent existing and planned (in the SP strategy) social protection provisions fit to the social protection floor template Assessment matrix Social Protection Floor template: guarantees and objectives Describe the present and planned social protection situation, taking into account SP strategy objectives Identify design gaps (population not covered due to the lack of SP policy / legislation Identify implementation gaps: dysfunction in existing policy and schemes (entitlements not meet, unavailability or lack of access to services)  Basis for the preliminary costing A consistent framework where all institutions and UN agencies support interventions can fit. Mapping & sharing of responsibilities and activities among actors and more specifically UN agencies… Priority policy options to be decided through national dialogue based on assessment results

Assessment matrix completed (Viet Nam, Philippines)

… Take away message The SPF is a basic right that all population should enjoy The assessment, based on social protection floor framework, can identify policy gaps And provide recommendations on “how to close the gaps?”