ACSM’S GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE TESTING AND PRESCRIPTION (9TH ED.)

 The first edition of the Guidelines was published in 1975, with updated editions published approximately every 4 to 6 years.  Founded in 1954, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) promotes and integrates scientific research, education, and practical applications of sports medicine and exercise science to maintain and enhance physical performance, fitness, health, and quality of life. The ACSM national headquarters moved to Indianapolis in 1984, joining organizations such as theNational Collegiate Athletic Association, the National Federation of State High School Associations, and national sport-specific governing bodies.IndianapolisNational Collegiate Athletic AssociationNational Federation of State High School Associations  Members of ACSM work in a wide range of medical specialties, allied health professions, and scientific disciplines, and are committed to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sports-related injuries and the advancement of the science of exercise.

The 11 Chapters Section I: Health Appraisal and Risk Assessment 1.Benefits and Risks Associated with Physical Activity 2.Preparticipation Health Screening Section II: Exercise Testing 3.Pre-exercise Evaluation 4.Health-Related Physical Fitness Testing and Interpretation 5.Clinical Exercise Testing 6.Interpretation of Clinical Exercise Test Results

Section III: Exercise Prescription 7.General Principles of Exercise Prescription 8.Exercise Prescription for Healthy Populations with Special Considerations and Environmental Considerations 9.Exercise Prescription for Patients with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease 10.Exercise Prescription for Populations with Other Chronic Diseases and Health Conditions 11.Behavioral Theories and Strategies for Promoting Exercise

Section I: Health Appraisal and Risk Assessment

Chapter 1: Benefits and Risks Associated with Physical Activity Physical Activity and Fitness Terminology Public Health Perspective for Current Recommendations Benefits of Regular Physical Activity and/or Exercise Risks Associated with Exercise Sudden Cardiac Death Among Young Individuals Exercise-Related Cardiac Events in Adults Exercise Testing and the Risk of Cardiac Events Risk of Cardiac Events During Cardiac Rehabilitation Prevention of Exercise-Related Events

Chapter 2: Preparticipation Health Screening Preparticipation Health Screening Self-Guided Methods Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Assessment Recommendations for a Medical Examination Prior to Initiating Physical Activity Recommendations for Exercise Testing Prior Initiating Physical Activity Recommendations for Supervision of Exercise Testing Risk Stratification for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Chapter 3: Preexercise Evaluation Medical History, Physical Examination, and Laboratory tests Blood Pressure Lipids and Liproteins Blood Profile Analyses Pulmonary Function Contraindications to Exercise Testing Informed Consent Participant Instructions

Section II: Exercise Testing

Chapter 4: Health-Related Physical Fitness testing and Interpretation Purposes of Health-Related Fitness Testing Basic Principles and Guidelines Pretest Instructions Test Organization Test Environment Body Composition Anthropometric Methods Densitometry Other Information Body Composition Norms

Cardiorespiratory Fitness The Concept of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Maximal versus Submaximal Exercise Testing Modes of Testing Cardiorespiratory Test Sequence and Measures Test Termination Criteria Interpretation Results Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance Rationale Principles

Muscular Strength Muscular endurance Special Considerations in Muscular Fitness Flexibility A Comprehensive Health Fitness Evaluation

Chapter 5: Clinical Exercise Testing Indications and Purposes Diagnostic Exercise Testing Exercise Testing for Disease Severity and Prognosis Exercise Testing After Myocardial infarction Functional Exercise Testing Exercise Test Modalities Exercise Protocols Upper Body Exercise Testing Testing to Return to Work

Measurements During Exercise Testing Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Electrocardiac Monitoring Subjective Ratings and Symptoms Gas Exchange and Ventilatory Responses Arterial Blood Gas Assessment During Exercise Indications for Exercise Test Termination Postexercise Period Imaging Modalities Used in Conjunction with Exercise Testing Exercise Echocardiography Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging

Imaging Modalities not Used in Conjunction with Exercise Testing Pharmacologic Stress Testing Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Supervision of Exercise Testing

Chapter 6: Interpretation of Clinical Exercise Test Results Exercise Testing as a Screening Tool for Coronary Artery Disease Interpretation of Responses to graded Exercise Testing Heart Rate Response Blood Pressure Response Electrocardiograph Waveforms Limiting Signs and Symptoms Ventilatory Expired Gas Responses in Exercise Diagnostic Value of Exercise Testing Sensitivity Specificity Predictive Value Comparison with Imaging Stress Tests Prognostic Applications of the Exercise Test

Section III: Exercise Prescription

Chapter 7: General Principles of Exercise Prescription An Introduction to the Principles of Exercise Prescription General Considerations for Exercise Prescription Components of the Exercise Training Session Aerobic (Cardiorespiratory Endurance) Exercise Frequency of Exercise Intensity of Exercise Exercise Time (Duration) Exercise Volume (Quantity) Type (Mode) Rate of Progression

Muscular Fitness Frequency of Resistance Exercise Types of Resistance Exercise Volume of Resistance Exercise (Sets and Repetitions) Resistance Exercise Technique Progression/Maintenance Flexibility Exercise (Stretching) Types of Flexibility Exercises Volume of Flexibility Exercise (Time, Repetitions, and Frequency) Neuromotor Exercise Exercise Program Supervision

Chapter 8: Exercise Prescription for Healthy populations with Special Considerations and Environmental Considerations Pregnancy Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Children and Adolescents Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Low Back Pain Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Environmental Considerations Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Chapter 9: Exercise Prescription for Patients with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Inpatient Rehabilitation Programs Outpatient Exercise programs Exercise Prescription Types of Outpatient Exercise Programs Special Considerations Resistance Training for Cardiac patients Exercise Training for Return to Work Exercise Prescription for Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke)

Chapter 10: Exercise Prescription for Populations with Other Chronic Diseases and Health Conditions Arthritis Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Cancer Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Cerebral Palsy Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription/Special Considerations

Diabetes Mellitus Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Dyslipidemia Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Fibromyalgia Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Hypertension Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Intellectual disability and Down Syndrome Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Kidney Disease Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Metabolic Syndrome Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription/Special Considerations Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Osteoporosis Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Overweight and Obesity Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Weight Loss Program Recommendations Bariatric Surgery

Parkinson Disease Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Pulmonary Diseases Asthma Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Spinal Cord Injury Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription/Special Considerations Individuals with Multiple Chronic Diseases and Health Concerns Preparticipation Health Screening Exercise Testing Exercise Prescription Special Considerations

Chapter 11: Behavioral Theories and Strategies for Planning Exercise Exercise Prescription Frequency/Time Intensity Type Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Exercise Behavior Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy Transtheoretical Model Health Belief Model Self-Determination Theory Theory of Planned Behavior Social Ecological

Theoretical Strategies and Approaches to Change Behavior/Increase Adherence Building Self-Efficacy Brief Counseling and Motivational Interviewing Stage of Change Tailored Interviewing Group Leader interactions Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Social Support Association versus Disassociation Affect Regulation Relapse Prevention

Special Populations Cultural Diversity Older Adults Children Individuals with Obesity Individuals with Chronic Diseases and Health Concerns

Appendices  ACommon Medications  BEmergency Risk Management  CElectrocardiogram Interpretation  DAmerican College of Sports Medicine Certifications  EContributing Authors to the Previous Two Editions