Std 5 Acids, Bases, and Salts (notes) Properties of acids : Sour taste (i.e. lemon) They release hydrogen ion (H + ) into water They neutralize bases Corrode active metals Turn blue litmus paper to red

Properties of bases : Bitter taste (i.e. soap) They release hydroxide ion (OH - ) into water They neutralize acids Denature protein, slippery feel (i.e. soap) Turn red litmus paper to blue

What are acids ? Acid is an H + ion and a non-metal. Example: H + and Cl - is HCl (Hydrochloric acid) H + and Br - is HBr (Hydrobromic acid) H + and S -2 is H 2 S (Hydrosulfuric acid) H + and O -2 is H 2 O (is this an acid?) H + and F - is HF (Hydrofluoric acid) Non-metal Remember the non-metals are at the right side of the Periodic Table!

Acid can also be an H + and a polyatomic ion. Example: H + andNO 3 - is HNO 3 (Nitric acid) H + andSO 4 -2 is H 2 SO 4 (Sulfuric acid) H + andCO 3 -2 is H 2 CO 3 (Carbonic acid) H + andPO 4 -2 is H 2 PO 4 (Phosphoric acid) H + andCH 3 COO - is CH 3 COOH (Acetic acid)

More acids : H + andCl - HCl ______________ H + and Br - HBr______________ H + and F - HF______________ H + and S -2 H 2 S______________ H + and O -2 H 2 O(acid?)________ Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Water!

What are bases ? The base molecule is an OH - ion and a metal ion. Example: Na + and OH - is NaOH, (Sodium hydroxide) Ca ++ and OH - is Ca (OH) 2, (Calcium hydroxide) K + and OH - is KOH, (Potassium hydroxide) Mg ++ and OH - is Mg(OH) 2, (Magnesium hydroxide) Al +++ and OH - is Al(OH) 3, (Aluminum hydroxide) Remember that metals are at the left side of the Periodic Table!!!!

More bases : Na + and OH - NaOH _________ Ca +2 and OH - Ca(OH) 2 _________ Li + and OH - LiOH _________ Mg +2 and OH - Mg(OH) 2 _________ Fe +3 and OH - Fe(OH) 3 _________ Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide

And finally… What are salts ? Salt is a compound of metal and a non- metal ions. Example: Na + and Cl - is NaCl (Sodium chloride) Li + and Br - is LiBr (Lithium bromide) Mg +2 and S -2 is MgS (Magnesium sulfide) Ca +2 and O -2 is CaO (Calcium oxide) Fe +3 and F - is FeF 3 (Iron (III) fluoride)

acid base Non-metalH+H+ Putting it all together... water is and is MetalOH - and acid + base gives H2OH2O and Metal + Non-metal salt acid + base gives water and salt

Recap… Acid H + and non-metal Base OH - and metal Salt metal and non-metal

H+H+ water salt b a s e a c i d Non-Metal - OH - Metal + If U R visual: