Introduction: Why is QCD so much fun? The Physics: Glue and Charm: Probing Non-Perturbative QCD with Antiprotons: The PANDA Experiment at FAIR Introduction: Why is QCD so much fun? The Physics: Glue and Charm: The Facility: FAIR Accelerator and Antiproton Cooler Ring Detector PANDA Summary and Outlook

Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg) J/ spectroscopy confinement Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium CP-violation (D/ - sector) inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

QCD: In Principle Simple  Coupling of Quarks to the Gluon fields Contains Self – coupling of Gluons Small coupling: perturbative QCD Large coupling: Lattice QCD Field theories with effective degrees of freedom

Running Coupling Constant transition from perturbative to non-perturbative regime Q2 [GeV2] 10 1 0.1 0.05 perturbative QCD constituent quark confinement mesons and baryons 0.3 Rn r [fm] perturbative strong QCD Of particular interest: Transition from the quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom

Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg) J/ spectroscopy confinement Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium CP-violation (D/ - sector) inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

Bound States of QCD

~ Simplified Lattice Approach Flux Tubes and Hybrids ~ Simplified Lattice Approach Meson Excitation of Flux Tube Additional angular momentum New (exotic) quantum numbers Bali, 1991 Hybrid

Charmonium Hybrids Predicted by bag models, flux tube models, constituent gluon models and LQCD. Three of the lowest lying cc hybrids have exotic JPC (0+-,1-+,2+-)  no mixing with nearby cc states Mass 4.2 – 4.5 GeV/c2. Charmonium hybrids expected to be much narrower than light hybrids (open charm decays suppressed). Cross sections for formation and production of charmonium hybrids similar to normal cc states (~ 100 – 150 pb). Excited gluon flux P CLEO S One-gluon exchange

Charmonium Hybrids Annihilation is a gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation in a direct way 2 complementary techniques Production (Fixed-Momentum) Formation (Broad- and Fine-Scans) Momentum range for a survey p ® ~15 GeV

Bound States of QCD

Heavy Glueballs unique identification difficult (mixing!) 2+- 0+- For light gg/ggg-systems: unique identification difficult (mixing!) Exotic heavy glueballs m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV Flavor-blindness decay into charmed final states possible Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509 Morningstar,Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043

Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg) Charmonium spectroscopy Confinement Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium CP-violation (D/ - sector) inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

Charmonium: Positronium of QCD Mass [MeV] Binding energy [meV] 4100 y ¢¢¢ (4040) Ionization energy 3 P (~ 3940) 2 3900 D 3 S 3 S 3 3 D 3 P (~ 3880) 3 (~ 3800) 1 3 3 D 3 1 1 2 1 -1000 2 3 3 D 1 3 P (~ 3800) 1 D y ¢¢ (3770) 2 P 2 3 P 3 D D 2 3 D 2 1 S 2 3 S 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 P 1 2 1 ~ 600 meV 3700 y ¢ (3686) Threshold 2 3 P 10-4 eV -3000 h ¢ c (3590) c h (3525) 2 (3556) c c 3500 1 (3510) c (3415) -5000 3300 Charmonium ähnlicher Stellenwert wie Positronium bzw. Wasserstoffatom einfach (nicht-relativistisch) am besten verstanden 1 3 S 1 1 S 1 8·10-4 eV -7000 y (3097) 3100 e + 0.1 nm e - h 1 fm C c (2980) C 2900

Charmonium Physics Peculiar ψ(4040) 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.3 7.1 8.0 Open questions … ψ(33S1) χc2(23P2) D*D* ψ(13D3) pp [GeV/c] Mcc [GeV/c2] ηc(31S0) Peculiar ψ(4040) χc1(23P1) DD* h1c(21P1) ψ(13D2) χc0(23P0) ψ(11D2) ψ(13D1) DD Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States ψ(23S1) ηc(21S0) χc2(13P2) h1c(11P1) χc1(13P1) ηc’ - ψ(2S) splitting χc0(13P0) h1c – unconfirmed J/ψ(13S1) ηc – inconsistencies ηc(11S0) JP=0- 1- 1+ (0,1,2)+ 2- (1,2,3)-

Resonance cross section Advantage of Antiprotons e+e- annihilation via virtual photon: only states with JPC = 1-- in ppbar annihilation states with other quantum numbers can be formed Measured rate Beam Resonance cross section CM Energy Mass resolution is only limited by the beam momentum resolution

Recent discoveries: hc‘ (21S0) , X(3872) Discovery of the c(21S0) by Belle (+BaBar, CLEO). Discovery of a new narrow state above DD threshold X(3872) at Belle (+ CDF, D0, BaBar). M(c) = 3637.7  4.4 MeV/c2 _ What is the X(3872) ? Charmonium 13D2 or 13D3. D0D0* molecule. Charmonium hybrid (ccg). _ M = 3872.0  0.6  0.5 MeV/c2  2.3 MeV (90 % C.L.)

Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg) J/ spectroscopy confinement Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium CP-violation (D/ - sector) inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

Hadrons in Nuclear Matter Currently at GSI : many experiments devoted to the study of hadrons in nuclei and hadronic matter : in-medium modifications of hadron properties KAOS, deeply bound pionic atoms, HADES hadrons with light quarks (u,d,s)

How about Charm ? Mass splitting for D mesons expected ! Probes Measure excitation functions for D production on Nuclei with antiproton beam Modification of the width of Charmonium states near the D threshold

D – Mesons in Nuclear Matter Excitation functions Width of Charmonium States

   Charmonium in Nuclear Matter: Observables hc J/y cc 0,1,2 p _ ~ 1 fm    final state = e+e- / m+m- / gg / J/y g t ~ 10…20 fm/c t  10 fm/c (collisional broadening) hc J/y cc 0,1,2 y(3686) y(3770) Expected Mass shift -5 MeV to -8 MeV -7 MeV to -10 MeV 40 MeV to -60 MeV -100 MeV to -130 MeV -120 MeV to -140 MeV Channel g g e+e-/m+m- J/y g Predicted rates at L = 1032 cm-2s-1: few 10 … few 100 events/day S.H. Lee, nucl-th/0310080

J/y Absorption in Nuclei p + A  J/y + (A-1) ; detect J/y  m+m- (e+e-)  J/y absorption cross section in nuclear matter  Benchmark for the use of J/y suppression as signal for QGP _ e- e+ J/y p

Physics Summary: QCD Systems to be Studied with PANDA

The FAIR Facility (was: GSI)

HESR: High Energy Storage Ring Beam Momentum 1.5 - 15 GeV/c High Intensity Mode: Luminosity 2x1032 cm-2s-1 (2x107Hz) dp/p (st. cooling) ~10-4 High Resolution Mode: Luminosity 2x1031 cm-2s-1 dp/p (e- cooling) ~10-5

The PANDA Detector: Top View Length: ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream

Proposed Detector (Overview) High Rates Total σ ~ 55 mb Vertexing (σp,KS,Λ,…) Charged particle ID (e±,μ±,π±,p,…) Magnetic tracking Elm. Calorimetry (γ,π0,η) Forward capabilities (leading particles) Sophisticated Trigger(s)

Participating Institutes (with Representative in the Coordination Board) 45 Institutes from 12 Countries: U Basel IHEP Beijing U Bochum U Bonn U & INFN Brescia U & INFN Catania U Cracow GSI Darmstadt TU Dresden JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE) U Edinburgh U Erlangen NWU Evanston U & INFN Ferrara U Frankfurt LNF-INFN Frascati U & INFN Genova U Glasgow U Gießen KVI Groningen IKP Jülich I + II U Katowice IMP Lanzhou U Mainz U & Politecnico & INFN Milano U Minsk TU München U Münster BINP Novosibirsk U Pavia IHEP Protvino PNPI Gatchina U of Silesia U Stockholm KTH Stockholm U & INFN Torino Politechnico di Torino U Oriente, Torino U & INFN Trieste U Tübingen U & TSL Uppsala IMEP Vienna SINS Warsaw U Warsaw

Summary and Outlook The FAIR Project will include a dedicated antiproton facility World-class research covering the many facets of non-perturbative QCD Additional benefits Continuation of the ongoing GSI program investigating hadrons in dense matter Measurement of hadronic interaction cross section CRUCIAL for the interpretation of QGP signals (J/y suppression) The future beyond the future: Direct CP violation in the Charm sector Gravitation experiments with ultra-cold anti hydrogen CERN AD program with 100 times increased intensity and unprecedented beam quality!