Vacuum Tube Amplifiers. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) Built by the US Army in 1946. 17,468 vacuum tubes! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC.

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Presentation transcript:

Vacuum Tube Amplifiers

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) Built by the US Army in ,468 vacuum tubes! Computer programs used to actually contain bugs!

The First Solid-state Trasistor Invented at Bell Labs in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Bradford Shockley

Integrated Circuits (I.C.s) Solid state transistors can be fabricated en masse on a silicon substrate!

Integrated Circuits (I.C.s)

Moore’s Law We can print over 1 billion transistors on a single chip!

Operational Amplifier Circuit

Integrated Circuits (I.C.s) Wafers are diced up and packaged as IC chips. DIP – “Dual inline package”

Silicon IC chips are encased in plastic. Can be treated as a “Black Box”. Integrated Circuits

Modern Accelerometers “interdigitated” electrodes 3-axis gyro from an iPhone 4 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have largely replace gyroscopes for intertial measurements.