1. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN Table 1.1 - The Worldwide Electronics Market ($1,013 Billion) in 1992 [1] Category Share (%) Data processing hardware23 Data processing software & services18 Professional electronics10 Telecommunications9 Consumer electronics9 Active components9 Passive components7 Computer integrated manufacturing 5 Instrumentation5 Office electronics3 Medical electronics2

2. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN Table 1.2 - Milestones in Electronics YearEvent 1884American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) formed 1895Marconi first radio transmissions 1904Fleming Valve (Diode Vacuum Tube) 1906Pickard - Solid-state Point-contact diode (Silicon) 1906Deforest - Triode Vacuum Tube (Audion) - Age of electronics begins 1910-1911"Reliable" tubes fabricated 1912Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) Founded 1907-1927Diodes and Triodes - First Radio Circuits 1920Armstrong invents super heterodyne receiver 1925TV demonstrated 1925Lilienfeld files patent application on the field-effect device

3. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN 1927-1936Multigrid Tubes 1933Armstrong invents FM modulation 1935 Heil receives British patent on a field-effect device 1940Radar developed during World War II; TV in limited use 1947Bipolar Transistors Invented by Bardeen, Brattain & Shockley at Bell Laboratories 1950Color TV begins 1952Shockley describes the unipolar field-effect transistor 1952Commercial production of silicon bipolar transistors at Texas Instruments 1956Bardeen, Brattain & Shockley Receive Nobel Prize for Invention of Bipolar Transistors

4. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN 1958 Simultaneous Development of the Integrated Circuit by Kilby at Texas Instruments & Noyce and Moore at Fairchild Semiconductor 1961First commercial digital IC available from Fairchild Semiconductor 1963AIEE and IRE Merge to become the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Your Professional Society! 1967First Semiconductor RAM (64 bits) discussed at the IEEE International Solid-Sate Circuits Conference (ISSCC) 1968Introduction of the first commercial IC operational amplifier - the  A-709 - by Fairchild Semiconductor

5. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN 19701-transistor dynamic memory cell invented by Dennard at IBM 1971Introduction of the 4004 microprocessor by Intel 1972First 8-bit Microprocessor - The Intel 8008 1974First commercial 1 kilobit memory chip 1974Introduction of the 8080 microprocessor 1978First 16-bit Microprocessor 1984Megabit Memory chip 1995Experimental Gb Memory Chip Presented at the IEEE ISSCC

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9. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN Table 1.3 - Levels of Integration DateHistorical ReferenceComponents/chip 1950Discrete components1-2 1960SSI - Small-scale Integration< 10 2 1966MSI - Medium-scale integration10 2 - 10 3 1969LSI - Large-scale integration10 3 - 10 4 1975VLSI - Very-large-scale integration10 4 - 10 9 1990ULSI - Ultra-large-scale integration> 10 9

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18. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN (a) (b) (c)

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24. ©RICHARD C. JAEGER 6/5/97 MICROELECTRONI CIRCUIT DESIGN Table 1.3 - Frequencies Associated with Common Signals CategoryFrequency Range Audible sounds20 Hz - 20 kHz Baseband video (TV) signal0 - 4.5 MHz AM radio broadcasting 540 - 1600 kHz High frequency radio communications1.6 - 54 MHz VHF television (Channels 2-6)54 - 88 MHz FM radio broadcasting88 - 108 MHz VHF television (Channels 7-13)174 - 216 MHz UHF television (channels 14 - 69)470 - 806 MHz Cellular telephones824 - 892 MHz Satellite television3.7 - 4.2 GHz

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