Arthropods Objectives: *List 4 main characteristics of arthropods *Identify 4 types of arthropods *Describe two types of metamorphosis in insects *Identify major characteristics of insects

Characteristics of Arthropods ➲ 1. Segmented body 3 main segments- head, thorax & abdomen Segments have specialized structures ➲ 2. Jointed limbs “arthro-” = jointed; “pod” = foot Allows for easier movement

Characteristics of Arthropods

➲ 3. External Skeleton Exoskeleton- hard covering that covers outside of the insects body Supports body Allows animal to move Acts like suit of armor Keeps water inside animal's body ➲ 4. Sensory Organs Well-developed brain & nervous system Bristles & antennae detect motion, vibration, pressure, chemicals Compound eyes- eye made of several, light- sensitive units

Characteristics of Arthorpods

Groups of Arthropods ➲ 1. Centipedes & millipedes ➲ 2. Crustaceans ➲ 3. Arachnids ➲ 4. Insects

Taxonomy ➲ Study or science of naming & grouping animals ➲ Specific name for each type of organism ➲ Classified into groups from general to specific ➲ Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus species (King Phillip Could Only Find Good Students) ‏ ➲ Scientific Name Two part Latin name specific to organism Italicized or underlined Anyone know the human scientific name? Homo sapiens

Taxonomy Chart

Class Insecta ➲ Kingdom- Animalia ➲ Phylum- Arthropoda ➲ Class- Insecta ➲ Order- Diptera ➲ Family- Muscidae ➲ Genus- Musca ➲ Species- domestica

Class Insecta ➲ 3 main body parts- head, thorax and abdomen ➲ Head is center of coordination and feeding Brain, antennae, eyes & mouthparts ➲ Thorax is center of locomotion One pair of legs & often wings ➲ Abdomen contains reproductive, digestive & respiratory structures & 1 pair of legs

Class Insecta ➲ Six jointed legs ➲ Most species have 1 pair of antennae ➲ All species have mouthparts ➲ Exoskeleton- hard outer covering made of chitin ➲ Many species have one or more sets of wings

Chewing Mouth Parts Usually found on insects that are predators, aggressive, or feed on vegetation. Mouth parts seen here are called the mandibles

Sucking Mouth Parts The slender, tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain insects. True bugs use their mouthparts to extract fluids from plants and animals. Butterflies use it to extract nectar from flowers.

Sucking Mouth Parts The labium seen here is used to suck up fluids like a sponge. Most insects with this mouth part do not chew or bite, instead they vomit digestive enzymes on there food in order to lap it up. Don’t let flies touch your food!

Combination Mouth Parts These insects have a combination of mouth parts that enable them to survive and thrive. The carpenter bee seen here has both chewing parts (galea) to bore through wood and a glossa that acts like a tongue to ingest nectar from flowers.

Class Insecta

HelpfulHelpful? ➲ Pollinators of plants, especially fruits & crops ➲ Provide honey, wax & silk ➲ Help control other pests ➲ Provide food for many birds, fish, humans & other animals ➲ Are good indicators of water pollution ➲ Help soil quality by aerating it & recycling organic material back into the soil

General Information ➲ Insects can be found in nearly every environment on Earth not the Arctic Hine's emerald dragonfly, Somatochlora hineana Endangered and Critical Habitat Hine's emerald dragonfly Karner Blue Butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly ➲ Insects have a varied diet depending on the species Grass Dirt Other insects

Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis Let’s look at the difference! Metamorphosis refers to the way that certain organisms grow and change form. Metamorphosis actually means “to change”

Two Types of Metamorphosis ➲ INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS - has THREE stages ➲ COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS - has FOUR stages.

INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSISMETAMORPHOSIS Let’s take a closer look at each stage!

3 STAGES OF INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS ➲E➲Egg ➲N➲Nymph ➲A➲Adult

➲ EGG ➲ A female insect lays eggs. These eggs are often covered by an egg case which protects the eggs and holds them together.

➲ NYMPH ➲ The eggs hatch into nymphs. ➲ Nymphs looks like small adults, but usually don't have wings. ➲ Insect nymphs eat the same food that the adult insect eats. ➲ Nymphs shed or molt their exoskeletons (outer casings made up of a hard substance called chitin) and replace them with larger ones several times as they grow. ➲ Most nymphs molt 4-8 times.

➲ ADULT ➲ The insects stop molting when they reach their adult size. By this time, they have also grown wings.

COMPLETE METAMORPHOSISMETAMORPHOSIS Let’s take a closer look at each stage!

4 STAGES OF COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS ➲ Egg ➲ Larva ➲ Pupa ➲ Adult

➲ EGG ➲ The female lays eggs.

➲ LARVA ➲ Larva hatch from the eggs. They do not look like adult insects. They usually have a worm-like shape. ➲ Caterpillars, maggots, and grubs are all just the larval stages of insects. Larvae molt their skin several times and they grow slightly larger.

➲P➲PUPA ➲L➲Larva make cocoons around themselves. ➲L➲Larva don't eat while they're inside their cocoons. ➲T➲Their bodies develop into an adult shape with wings, legs, internal organs, etc. ➲T➲This change takes anywhere from 4 days to many months.

➲ ADULT ADULT ➲ Inside the cocoon, the larvae change into adults. After a period of time, the adult breaks out of the cocoon.

WHAT ABOUT FROGS? ➲ Frogs undergo a different type of COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS. ➲ From the egg emerges a tadpole, which lives in the water, breathes with gills, and has a tail. ➲ As the tadpole grows, lungs and legs form, and the gills and tail are absorbed into the body. ➲ Finally, the animal leaves the water and lives mainly on land, as a frog.

Let’s see what we know! Let’s take Professor Know-It-All’s Quiz and see what we have learned!

QUESTION #1 ➲ What are the two types of metamorphosis? 1. Complete 2. Incomplete

QUESTION #2 ➲ How many stages are there in incomplete metamorphosis? Answer: 3

QUESTION #3 ➲ Name the stages of incomplete metamorphosis? 1. Egg 2. Nymph 3. Adult

QUESTION #4 ➲ How many stages are there in complete metamorphosis? Answer: 4

QUESTION #5 - Name the stages in complete metamorphosis. 1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. Adult

QUESTION #6 Identify the cycle as complete or incomplete metamorphosis.

QUESTION #7 Identify the cycle as complete or incomplete metamorphosis.

QUESTION #8 Identify each stage of the complete metamorphosis of the butterfly. A B C D E F

YOU’VE JUST COMPLETED PROFESSOR KNOW-IT-ALL’S QUIZ How did you do?