Renaissance “Re-birth”

Birth or Re-birth? Intention was a re-birth of Classical Greece and Rome Intention was a re-birth of Classical Greece and Rome –Culture –Education –Beautification Result was a time of great intellect, art, and new views of human-kind Result was a time of great intellect, art, and new views of human-kind

From Dark to Light Feudalism still exists in France and England Feudalism still exists in France and England The Hundred Years’ War is being fought The Hundred Years’ War is being fought Most of the European world is still in the Middle Ages Most of the European world is still in the Middle Ages But in one small region, there is… Brilliance!! But in one small region, there is… Brilliance!!

Italy is home to the Renaissance

Italian Cities Cities N. of Rome and S. of Alps were dominant in trade and had very large populations Cities N. of Rome and S. of Alps were dominant in trade and had very large populations Florence, Genoa, Venice Florence, Genoa, Venice Other, smaller towns still played a big role Other, smaller towns still played a big role

Psychology Hierarchy of Feudalism did not exist in Renaissance Italy Hierarchy of Feudalism did not exist in Renaissance Italy Merchant’s gained power by being successful Merchant’s gained power by being successful They were the wealthiest and most powerful supporting their city-states They were the wealthiest and most powerful supporting their city-states They valued the individual, based on achievement, not birth-right They valued the individual, based on achievement, not birth-right

Competition During Early Renaissance, Merchants competed to sponsor artists During Early Renaissance, Merchants competed to sponsor artists During High Renaissance, POPES spent tons of $ to glorify and bring power and prestige back to Rome During High Renaissance, POPES spent tons of $ to glorify and bring power and prestige back to Rome Artists competed for fame Artists competed for fame During the Middle Ages, all success was for the “glory” of God, not for individual attention During the Middle Ages, all success was for the “glory” of God, not for individual attention Renaissance brought about desire for personal fame: portraits and autobiographies Renaissance brought about desire for personal fame: portraits and autobiographies

Influence Arises from Disdain Renaissance artists and scholars hated the time period of the Middle Ages; calling it “The Dark Ages”. Renaissance artists and scholars hated the time period of the Middle Ages; calling it “The Dark Ages”. Gothic cathedrals were considered works of barbarians! Gothic cathedrals were considered works of barbarians! Result: HUMANISM! And luxurious living. Result: HUMANISM! And luxurious living.

Early Middle Ages The Medici Family ruled Florence The Medici Family ruled Florence Prior to invasions from foreign countries Prior to invasions from foreign countries Beautification of Florence!! Beautification of Florence!!

Giotto di Bondone Influenced the later artists greatly by inventing the fresco and the ability to paint life-like human figures that seemed to interact with each other. Influenced the later artists greatly by inventing the fresco and the ability to paint life-like human figures that seemed to interact with each other.

Giotto’s life-like Fresco’s Marriage of the Virgin Marriage of the Virgin The Birth of the Virgin The Birth of the Virgin

Dante Poems showed religious ideas of Middle Ages and worldly concerns of Renaissance Poems showed religious ideas of Middle Ages and worldly concerns of Renaissance Pointed our political issues of the renaissance Pointed our political issues of the renaissance Wrote in Vernacular: every day words Wrote in Vernacular: every day words Creator of modern Italian Creator of modern Italian

The Divine Comedy 3 parts 3 parts –The Inferno (Hell) –Purgatorio (Purgatory) –Paradiso (Paradise) All to find his great love, “Beatrice” All to find his great love, “Beatrice”

The Inferno

Purgatorio

Pardiso

Ghiberti Gates of Gates of Paradise Paradise Baptistry in Baptistry in Florence, Italy Florence, Italy

Donatello Influenced by Ghiberti, Influenced by Ghiberti, Renewed the Ancient Renewed the Ancient Greek sculpting style of Greek sculpting style of free-standing figures

Masaccio Introduced technique of “perspective” into art. Introduced technique of “perspective” into art. Perspective gives objects the appearance of distance. Perspective gives objects the appearance of distance.

Ideal Individuals of the Renaissance The “Renaissance Man” The “Renaissance Man” –Ideally strove to master all arts –Charming, polite, & witty –Educated in Greek & Latin –Dance, write poetry, sing, play music –Physically graceful: swordsman, rider, etc Women Women –As well as educated men, but not seek fame

High Renaissance During the High Renaissance, the Medici family lost power to invading foreign nations During the High Renaissance, the Medici family lost power to invading foreign nations The Pope’s wanted to beautify Rome and became patrons of the arts. The Pope’s wanted to beautify Rome and became patrons of the arts. The most notable pope to do this was Julius II. The most notable pope to do this was Julius II. It was Julius II who commissioned the following artists: It was Julius II who commissioned the following artists: –Leonardo –Michelangelo –Raphael

Leonardo Da Vinci “The Renaissance Man” “The Renaissance Man” Scientist Scientist Anatomist Anatomist Sculpture Sculpture Painter Painter Architect Architect Writer Writer

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

Human Anatomy Vitruvian ManArms Nickname: Canon of Proportions

Embryo in Uterus

Image of Himself

Fight Between a Dragon and Lion

Man Riding Horse

Camera

Scuba

Military Inventions

Giant Catapult

Parachute

Propeller

Flying Machine

Engine

Michelangelo Brilliant Painter, Sculptor, Architect Brilliant Painter, Sculptor, Architect

Pieta 1499

“The Creation of Adam” Sistine Chapel

The David Florence Florence

St. Peter’s Dome 1506

Raphael , Ufizzi, Florence 1506, Ufizzi, Florence Is best known for his Madonnas Is best known for his Madonnas School of Athens shows the desire to mimic the Ancients School of Athens shows the desire to mimic the Ancients

Alba Madonna National Gallery of Art, Washington National Gallery of Art, Washington

Madonna of Foligno Vatican Museum Vatican Museum

The Holy Family Musee du Louvre, Paris Musee du Louvre, Paris

The Madonna of Goldfinch Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

School of Athens Apostolic Palace, Vatican Apostolic Palace, Vatican

The Age of Exploration The Explorers were inspired by the spirit of the Renaissance– confidence, ambition, curiosity, egotism (desire for glory) The Explorers were inspired by the spirit of the Renaissance– confidence, ambition, curiosity, egotism (desire for glory) and WEALTH! and WEALTH!

Cool Yo!! This exploration was as exciting and new as our space exploration This exploration was as exciting and new as our space exploration

Encouraging Factors Trade Trade –Spices –Monopoly (complete control) Christianity Christianity –Spread it FAR and WIDE Technology Technology –Caravel (new ship could travel distances due to new sail design) –Compass –Astrolabe (mark the stars)

Key Players Prince Henry the Navigator— Portuguese patron of the explorers Prince Henry the Navigator— Portuguese patron of the explorers Dias—Explorer sailed to tip of Africa Dias—Explorer sailed to tip of Africa Vasco da Gama– Explorer reached India by sailing around Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama– Explorer reached India by sailing around Cape of Good Hope Columbus– Explorer reached Americas by crossing Atlantic Columbus– Explorer reached Americas by crossing Atlantic Magellan– Explorer rounded the globe Magellan– Explorer rounded the globe

Results of Exploration Improved Science and Technology Improved Science and Technology Great Wealth for the European nations Great Wealth for the European nations Began European Imperialism for the next 500 years! Began European Imperialism for the next 500 years!