The Rock Cycle Where do they come from? Where do they go?

What are rocks? Naturally occurring solids made of minerals no definite chemical composition Preserve Earth’s history when formed

What are the 3 major rock types? Igneous Sedimentary metamorphic

Igneous Made from molten lava or magma (fire) magma = below ground forms intrusive igneous rocks lava = above ground forms extrusive igneous rocks Can have large or small crystals Some cool too quick for gases to escape and leave bubbles

How are igneous rocks classified? felsic - Light rocks that contain high amounts of silica intermediate - contain between % silica mafic - Dark rocks that contain little silica ultramafic - very dense with very little silica intrusive - formed above ground extrusive - formed below ground es0602/es0602page02.cfm

Sedimentary Formed from compaction and cementation of weathered materials sediments from weathered rock are deposited weathering - breaking down of rock erosion - carrying rock away (usually by water) Some are formed biologically - coal, limestone Often contain FOSSILS!!! es0602/es0602page02.cfm

Fossils fossilized body parts - bones, teeth, skin, embryos, etc... fossil traces - burrows, footprints, poop, etc... ONLY occur in sedimentary rock

Metamorphic Rock Formed by heat and pressure Usually form deep within Earth’s crust Can have foliation banding that occurs from great stress and pressure, flattens crystals in pre -existing rock must have parent rock 07page01.cfm es0602/es0602page02.cfm

Are there types of metamorphism? YES!!! contact metamorphism - parent rock comes in contact with a heat source, such as magma regional metamorphism - changes to country rock over a large area plutons - small bodies of metamorphosed country rock batholiths - very large bodies of metamorphosed country rock

Rock cycle The dynamic changes of rocks between different types over time changes through: heat and pressure melting weathering and erosion

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What is the rock cycle driven by? heat from Earth’s core mantle convection - circular motion of heat in Earth’s mantle mechanical energy - movement of rocks and pieces of rock downward by gravity com/watch?v=53lMd HzvGCQ

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Resources v/cave/photosmultimedia/upload/br_dolls_theater_jones.jpg&w=1800&h=1205&ei=lG7- UI7NOIa09gS52IDADA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=168&dur=1681&hovh=184&hovw=274&tx=165&ty=105&sig= &page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=214&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147 fossil/&docid=f6zCv47kpd6XKM&imgurl= WJorm8QThz4HoDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=262&sig= &page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=212&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:207&tx=78&ty=80 fossil.html&docid=BewxWxdTEa8zSM&imgurl= UJXFG5GI9gTR4oGwAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=269&sig= &page=2&tbnh=138&tbnw=220&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:34,s:0,i:258&tx=84&ty=94 7wVxSmms0o0M&imgurl= UI34Kojk8gS0uICAAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=159&dur=340&hovh=206&hovw=245&tx=104&ty=120&sig= &page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:124 dM&imgurl= 4BQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=328&dur=1801&hovh=174&hovw=290&tx=119&ty=87&sig= &page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=210&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:138 ttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/images/metheat.gif&w=583&h=400&ei=KXL- ULP3FY788QSEkoHoCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=466&sig= &page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:95&tx=51&ty=89 /wikipedia/commons/8/87/Yosemite_20_bg_ jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=UnL- UM2gIpOg8QSr2YC4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=416&vpy=161&dur=198&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=145&ty=104&sig= &page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:153 du/ete/images/modules/msese/earthsysflr/EFCycleP2.gif&w=393&h=350&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=141&sig= &page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:150&tx=95&ty=85 i4CJrp3M&imgurl= UNjHCpC68wTjsIDQCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=188&vpy=182&dur=662&hovh=135&hovw=266&tx=179&ty=118&sig= &page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=266&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:101