1. Rocks

2. Key Vocabulary
Rock = is a naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals
Rock Cycle= is the set of natural processes that form, change, break down and re-form rocks.

3. Types of Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

4. Igneous Rock Vocab
Igneous rock = forms when molten rock cools and becomes solid
Intrusive igneous rock = forms when magma cools within Earth
Extrusive igneous rock = forms when lava cools on earth’s surface.

5. Sedimentary Rock Vocab
Sediments are materials that settle out of water or air.
Sedimentary rock = forms when pieces of older rocks, plants, and other loose material get pressed or cemented together.

6. Metamorphic Rock Vocab
Metamorphic rock= forms when heat or pressure causes older rocks to change into new types of rocks
Metamorphism = process in which existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or by both.

7. Metamorphic Rock Vocab
Recrystalization – the process by which bonds between atoms re-form in new ways.
Foliation = is an arrangement of minerals in a flat or wavy parallel bands.

8. Main Classification of Rocks
Mineral and Chemical Composition
Texture
-breaks the rock into the three types of rocks that we will learn about later.
Particle size

9. Examples of Rocks With One Mineral
Limestone is a rock composed entirely of the mineral calcite
Sandstone is normally composed of only quartz

10. Examples of Rocks With No Minerals
Obsidian is one of the few rocks with no minerals. It is made up of natural gases.
Coal is another rock that is not made up of minerals. We use coal for electricity everyday

11. The Rock Cycle

12. Rock Cycle Notes A cycle is continuous and never ends
Rocks can change over and over again
Igneous rocks can change to become igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
Sedimentary rocks can become a sedimentary or metamorphic rock
A metamorphic rock can become an igneous or sedimentary rock

13. Interesting Facts
All types of rocks can be found above and below ground but……..
95% of rocks below ground are igneous and metamorphic rocks
75% of rocks above ground are sedimentary rocks
Why do you think this is the case?

14. Other types of rocks Meteorites A rock from space
30,000 rocks with mass over 100 grams hit earth every year.
Can be dangerous

15. Igneous Rocks Examples 2 types are intrusive and extrusive
Granite and Gabbro are intrusive rocks
Rhyolite, pumice and basalt are extrusive

16. Igneous Rocks Textures
Texture is the size of its minerals crystals
Igneous rocks texture depends on how quickly the magma cooled
The longer it takes to cool the larger the crystals are
Intrusive rocks cool slower because its still hot below the earth crust
Extrusive rocks cool faster because its cooler on the crust then below the crust

17. Texture Continue
Some rocks contain crystals of small and large because part cooled below ground and part above ground
Worksheet on cooling time

18. Composition of Igneous rocks
Scientist have to use composition as well as texture. Why?
Both sugar and salt have small white texture but they are totally different
Composition is determined by how much silica is in the rock

19. Sedimentary Rocks Rocks can be found all around us
Weathering = is when wind and water help create new sediments.
The combination of both is what allows sedimentary rocks to form
Pressure is what makes the particles push together to form new rocks
Takes a long time for the pressure to be strong enough to make the changes

20. All rocks are not made from rocks
Some rocks are made from plants and shells
Coal is made from wood and leaves
Coral in the ocean is made from limestone and shells from living organisms

21. History can be told Sedimentary rocks are normally in layers
If fish fossils are found that would mean water use to be there
Tells which way water or wind moved in the past
How can this be helpful?

22. Metamorphic Rocks
Popcorn is like metamorphic rocks. The heat and pressure of the microwave makes the kernels explode
Examples
Limestone can be changed into marble which is used by builders and artist
Shale turns into schist which can be used for jewelry and graphite

23. Metamorphic continue Rocks that go through metamorphic do not melt
If it melts it would be an igneous rock
Rocks change by how much heat and pressure is added
Depending how far deep the rock is below the surface could effect how it changes

24. Changes One side could become flat because of pressure
Recrystalization can occur
Changes can occur over large distances or short distances

25. Foliated Rocks Foliation develops when rocks are under pressure
Foliation only occurs if the rock has more than one mineral