Welcome to Week 5 SC 328: Histology and Embryology Seminar Sharon Marusiak

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Development of cytogenetic techniques to analyze chromosomes led to discovery and characterization of chromosome disorders (1950s) Within years (from 1956),

Advertisements

Human Genetics.

ASSESSMENT REMINDER: If you FAIL (below 70%) an assessment, regardless of the type, you can retest (following reteach) the objective you failed for a maximum.

Chromosomal Mutations

14.2 Human Genetic Disorders

When Meiosis goes wrong…

Define karyotype, polyploidy, monosomy, trisomy, and nondisjunction

Karyotypes resulting in birth defects

Abnormal meiosis. Nondisjunction happens when two homologus chromosomes don’t separate during meiosis One pole ends up with an extra chromosome and one.

Changes in Chromosome Number

Human Genetic Disorders

Autosomal and Sex chromosome abnormalities

Genetic Disorders Discussion

11.3 CHROMOSOMES & HUMAN HEREDITY

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Reproduction Meiosis Meiosis converts the diploid number (2n) of chromosomes to the haploid number (n) Produces genetic.

Ch. 15: Chromosomal Abnormalities

AP Biology Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities.

1copyright cmassengale. Chromosomes 2 Chromosome Number All cells in the human body (SOMATIC CELLS) have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes Called the DIPLOID.

Nondisjunction disorders

Human Karyotypes Human Karyotypes. Normal Female: 46, XX.

Karyotypes. Karyotypes are pictures of homologous chromosomes lined up together during metaphase I of meiosis. There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.

LECTURE CONNECTIONS 9 | Chromosome Variation © 2009 W. H. Freeman and Company.

Nondisjunction Disorders. Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) 47, XX, +21 / 47, XY, +21 the result of an extra copy of chromosome 21 characteristic facial features,

Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)

Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities Incorrect number of chromosomes – nondisjunction chromosomes don’t separate properly.

Chromosomal Genetic. Why are some traits inherited in ways other than Mendel’s? Linked genes Gene (chromosome) mapping.

Sex Determination & Nondisjunction Disorders

1. CHROMOSOMES 2 CHROMOSOME NUMBER  All cells in the human body (SOMATIC CELLS) have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes  Called the DIPLOID or 2n number.

1copyright cmassengale. Chromosomes 2 Chromosome Number All cells in the human body (SOMATIC CELLS) have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes Called the DIPLOID.

Karyotypes. 1. What is a karyotype? a. Picture of the 23 pairs of chromosomes.

KARYOTYPING Honors Biology. What and How? Used as a way to “see” the chromosomes Pairs up homologous chromosomes Allows for detection of several genetic.

1. Chromosomes 2 Chromosome Number All cells in the human body (SOMATIC CELLS) have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes Called the DIPLOID or 2n number GAMETES.

Abnormal Meiosis: Nondisjunction.

Packaged Instructions for Life

Chromosomal Abnormalities. Nondisjunction Incorrect number of chromosomes  nondisjunction  chromosomes don’t separate properly during meiosis.

MISTAKES IN MEIOSIS: GENETIC DISORDERS

Chromosomal Genetic. Linked genes Morgan: studied eye color in Drosophila (flies) P1 true breeding white eyed males mated with P1 true breeding red eye.

Karyotyping Biology Miss Schwipperty. Questions  How many chromosomes come from your Father?  How many chromosomes come from your Mother?  What are.

Karyotypes and Nondisjunction

KARYOTYPING AND NON-DISJUNCTION. What is karyotyping? A method of identification of chromosomes Pictures of chromosomes are taken as the cell undergoes.

Chromosomes (Eukaryotic DNA Structure). When the cell is not dividing, DNA is long and stringy and called chromatin.

Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual.

Karyotypes. Karyotypes DefinitionDefinition - A picture of chromosomes cut out and grouped together. Typical human karyotype: –46 total chromosomes –23.

Errors in Meiosis Karyotypes & Chromosomal AbnormalitiesKaryotypes & Chromosomal Abnormalities.

Nondisjunction Disorders

Karyotype Notes. What each of the human chromosomes look like.

Chromosomal Genetic. Why are some traits inherited in ways other than Mendel’s? Linked genes Gene (chromosome) mapping.

Abnormal Chromosome Number. A Change in Chromosome Number If the spindle fails at meiosis, this causes an incorrect number of chromosomes in the gametes.

Sex Determination & Nondisjunction Disorders June 13, 2016.

Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities (Ch. 15)

Chapter 12.9 Heritable Changes in the Chromosome Number AP Biology Fall 2010.

ChromoSocks Lesson 1. What is a chromosome? A chromosome is a piece of DNA that is maintained inside the cell. It replicates or copies itself and is segregated.

Karyotypes & Chromosomal Disorders

Chromosomes “Colored Bodies”.

Chromosomal Mutations

Chapter 15 – The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

أخطاء في الانقسام المنصف Meiosis Errors

Karyotype Notes.

Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomes & Karyotypes

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Bell Work 2. Which cells are NOT formed during meiosis? Somatic cells

Presentation transcript:

Welcome to Week 5 SC 328: Histology and Embryology Seminar Sharon Marusiak

Q and A??? What questions can you think of for me, if any, this week?

Seminar Topics! **We will discuss the mechanisms of nondisjunction and polyploidy. 1.What is Haploid? 2.What is Diploid? 3.Let’s get your definitions: a. what is aneuploidy? b. what is non-disjunction? c. what is polyploidy?

Errors in chromosome numbers in humans Nondisjunction – during meiosis, chrmosomes do not separate properly and one egg or sperm ends up with an extra chromosome Most embryos with abnormal chromosome numbers abort spontaneously; but about half end up being born

Seminar Topics! **We will discuss chromosomal abnormalities and the syndromes they cause. 1.Define Nullisomy? 2.Define Monosomy? 3.Define Trisomy? 4.Define Tetrasomy?

Monosomy: Turner syndrome – XO; females but no menstruation, secondary sex characteristics, or mature eggs so are sterile Monosmy 21 Trisomy: Trisomy X – XXX; tall and below normal IQ; fertile Edwards Syndrome Patau Syndrome Klinefelter syndrome – XXY; men but are infertile Jacob syndrome – XYY; high testosterone levels; severe acne and tall Tetrasomy: Form of Klinefelter’s? XXXY?

medlibes.com

lucinafoundation.org Patau Syndrome

beltina.org Edwards Syndrome

Klinefelters Syndrome prattleonboyo.wordpress.com

XYY: Jacobs

Abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes Nondisjunction during meiosis but with autosomes NOT sex chromosomes Trisomy 21 (down syndrome) – child inherits extra copy of 21 st chromosome Weak muscle tone A small mouth held partially open Distinctively shaped eyelids Mental retardation Incidence increases with age

WHAT TO DO IN UNIT 5! 1.Read Chapter 1 and 2 in Developing Human Text 2.Post to the Discussion this week: discuss the causes of infertility and common contraceptive methods.. 3.Complete the comprehensive exam on the Histology portion of the course. It will cover the readings and topics covered in Units 1 through 4 of the course (100 points). 4.Finish and submit for grading your Histology Project! 5.Have a wonderful week!!!