Unit 5: The Progressive Era Ch. 18: Progressivism on the National Stage Essential ?: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies?

Objectives investigate the Essential Question: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies? compare and contrast how the presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson addressed progressive reforms. learn and use the Key Content Terms for this chapter.

Preview Closely examine the political cartoon on the opening page of Chapter 18. Then answer these questions in your notebook (left side): 1. What are the three most interesting details you see? Label each of them. 2. What do the lions represent? 3. This cartoon is titled “The Lion Tamer.” The lion tamer is President Theodore Roosevelt. Based on the cartoon, what might his personality be like? 4. Does the cartoonist seem to believe that President Roosevelt will be able to control the trusts? 5. Based on the cartoon, how might the federal government’s power over trusts have changed during Roosevelt’s presidency?

18.2 Three Progressive Presidents How You Will Take Notes 18.2 Three Progressive Presidents Title the top of the page “18.2 Three Progressive Presidents” Cut out one strip of president faces Create 3 large columns on your page & put the picture of each of the 3 presidents at the top of the column Next page Title “18.3 Addressing the Effects of Industrialization” Title “18.4 Reforming the National Government”

18.2: Three Progressive Presidents Roosevelt (1901 – 1909): Square Deal  regulate big business & protect workers, consumers, & environment (he’s a big outdoors fan) Taft (1909 – 1913): Continued reform efforts Limited power of corporations Added land to national forest system Progressives called for lower tariffs (think additional tax on foreign goods) Why would they want this? Increases competition b/w US goods & foreign goods causing prices to go down Taft actually raises taxes & angers progressives Election of 1912 Taft = R Wilson = D Teddy = Progressive Party (a.k.a Bull Moose Party) Split of R vote allows Wilson to win Wilson (1913 – 1921) New Freedom  wanted to eliminate power of trusts Transfer power of trusts to small businesses & average citizens Reduce gov’t corruption Created Federal Trade Commission

18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization Roosevelt  began breaking up trusts/monopolies Used Sherman Antitrust Act Pro-big business but against predatory pricing Broke up what he thought were “bad” trusts Limited power of RR Hepburn Act (1906)  fed gov’t to set max rail shipping rates Taft  carried out 90 lawsuits against trusts Attempted to break up all trusts (good or bad) Wilson  continued w/ trust busting Used Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Made it harder for trust to form in first place Protected labor unions from antitrust regulation Created Federal Trade Commission (1914) Enforce Clayton Act

18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization Roosevelt  worked to protect consumers/workers Meat Inspection Act Inspect packaged meat Pure Food and Drug Act Test/approve drugs before they go on market Pushed for better conditions for miners Taft  worked to protect consumers/workers Creation of Children’s Bureau Investigate welfare of children 8 hr work day for gov’t employees Wilson  worked to protect consumers/workers Keating Owen Child Labor Act (1916) Did not allow companies involved in interstate commerce to hire workers under 14 8 hr work day for RR workers

18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization Preservation = protection of wilderness from all development Conservation = limited use of resources Roosevelt  moderate Creation of U.S. Forest Service (1905) Protect forests/natural areas from excessive development Set aside 150 million acres of national forests Taft  moderate Added 2.7 million acres to National Wildlife Refuge System Wilson  moderate Created National Park Service Acceptance of some development for tourism

18.4: Reforming the National Government Taft  proposed income tax 16th Amendment allows for your income to be taxed Wilson  reformed banking system Graduated income tax Pay more in taxes the more you make Underwood Tariff Act: reduced tariffs (1913) 17th Amendment (1913) Direct election of senators by popular vote Federal Reserve System (the Fed) (1913) Acts as central bank of U.S. Lends $ to other private banks Sets monetary policy to regulate how much is in circulation Sets interest rates & regulates how much banks can lend **place the diagram on pg. 237 on left side of notes 18th Amendment (1919) Prohibition: sale/production/transportation of alcohol is illegal Political pressure out of the temperance movement 19th Amendment (1920) Women’s suffrage Right to vote cannot be denied based on sex