: World War I : World War I By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
Examine the reasons why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of World War I, but later became involved.
Micro Concepts MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismTradeIsolationismMobilization Key Terms and People Archduke Franz Ferdinand U-Boat (submarine) warfare SerbiaAllies Micro Concepts MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismTradeIsolationismMobilization Key Terms and People Archduke Franz Ferdinand U-Boat (submarine) warfare SerbiaAllies Central Powers Kaiser Wilhelm II ContrabandLusitania Election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson “Make the world safe for democracy” Idealism Zimmermann Telegram Selective Service Act Isolationists Jeanette Rankin Central Powers Kaiser Wilhelm II ContrabandLusitania Election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson “Make the world safe for democracy” Idealism Zimmermann Telegram Selective Service Act Isolationists Jeanette Rankin
Causes of the War
A - Alliances N - Nationalism I - Imperialism M - Militarism A - Anarchy L – Leadership A - Alliances N - Nationalism I - Imperialism M - Militarism A - Anarchy L – Leadership
Tangled European Politics
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente… Allied Powers Triple Alliance… Central Powers Triple Entente… Allied Powers Triple Alliance… Central Powers
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers: Britain France Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe
The “Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Assassination in Sarajevo
The Assassin Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip
Who’s To Blame?
War Begins
Von Schlieffen Plan
German Atrocities in Belgium
Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!
Recruitment Posters
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
New French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Women and the War Effort
For Recruitment
Munitions Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Russian Women Soldiers
Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!
Posters: Wartime Propaganda
American Poster
Financing the War
German Poster Think of Your Children!
The Western Front: Stalemate & Attrition
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in War
The War of the Industrial Revolution New Technology
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Convoy System
The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The Zeppelin
Railroad Gun
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
Machine Gun
Gas Warfare
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
The Eastern Front
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
Russian & Bolshevik Revolutions
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918 “A Separate Peace”
America Joins the Allies
Isolationism
Election of 1916 “Peace without victory”
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sussex Pledge Tries to dampen U.S. war cries Germany pledges not to sink merchant vessels with out warning and without saving the lives of those aboard. For 9 months Germany will honor this pledge.
The Zimmerman Telegram
The U.S. Declares War! “Make the world safe for democracy”
The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!
Selective Service Act (1917)
American “Doughboys”
“Harlem Hellfighters”
Buffalo Soldiers
Americans in the Trenches
“Art” of World War I
“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918
“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!
37,000,000 Dead 37,000,000 Dead
The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died
World War I Casualties (dead, wounded & missing) World War I Casualties (dead, wounded & missing)
Social Disruption Total war Everyone is involved, everyone is a target Women in factories Suffrage movements Armenian genocide Foreshadowing of the Holocaust
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197, Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800