AIM: How did the Aryan migration affect the settlers of the Indus Valley? Do Now: Stay or Flee Do Not write on the paper HW: Read pages Read Documents 2,8, and Upanishads and answer all 5 questions. H Readings on caste system and Hinduism - answer all 5 questions on lined paper from documents 2,8 and reading from Upanishads. Read textbook p on Hinduism H Readings on caste sDystem and Hinduism - answer all 5 quesns on lined paper from documents 2,8 and reading from Upanishads.

The Aryans BC I.Indo-European Migrations 1.Nomads: someone who moves from place to place in search for food. 2.From the Steppes of the Caucasus Mts. A.Steppe: dry grasslands. 3.Migrated (moved) all throughout Europe & southwest Asia. II.Aryans 1.Indo-Europeans who migrated into the Indus Valley. 2.Vedas: books that set down their prayers, songs, spells & religious formulas. 3.Varnas: A.Rigid class system created by the Aryans. i. Aryans had the best jobs. ii. Dasa (dark) had the worst jobs. 4.Magadha – major kingdom of the Aryans.

Kingdoms of the Ganges What were the main characteristics of Aryan civilization in India? How did expansion lead to changes in Aryan civilization?

Aryan Civilization Nomadic warriors Built no cities and left no statues Aryan Civilization Felt superior to the people they conquered Aryan Civilization Polytheistic Religious teachings from the Vedas The Vedas are the ancient scriptures or revelation (Shruti) of the Hindu teachings.

Aryan Civilization Expansion led to change in Aryan civilization because they mingled with the people they conquered; gave up their nomadic ways and settled into villages to farm and breed cattle; learned such skills as iron making and developed crafts of their own; fought to control trade and territory moved toward the idea of a single spiritual power; some rajas, or tribal chiefs, became hereditary rulers; developed the written language of Sanskrit.

The Caste System and Daily Life Caste rules governed every aspect of life–where people lived, what they ate, how they dressed, and what work they did. Life for the lowest ranking caste, the “Untouchables,” was harsh and restricted. People knew that they could not change their status in this life. However, they believed that they could reach a higher state in a future life by fulfilling the duties of their present caste. Each caste had its own leaders and its own occupation, and caste members cooperated to help one another.

Priests Warriors Peasants/Traders Laborers/Craftsmen

Epic Literature Mahabharata Ramayana The Mahabharata celebrates battle and reflects important Indian beliefs about the immortality of the soul. The Ramayana celebrates a daring and adventurous hero and portrays the ideal woman as loyal and obedient to her husband