Aristotle BC Great Philosopher/Developed Scientific Method Geocentric model of the universe

Aristarchus BC Greek Astronomer First to propose Heliocentric model

Ptolemy AD 85- AD165 Astronomer/ Mathematician Wrote Almagest –G–Geocentric model- Used observations Constructed charts and tables

First model to Explain movements of the Planets

Copernicus Wealthy Polish Merchant Derevolutionus orbium coelestium – Book on heliocentric Model First to provide evidence of heliocentric model

Tycho Brahe –D–Danish Born aristocrat Duel –L–Lost part of his nose, used metal to cover it King Frederick II –F–Funded observatory run by Tycho Hven- Island off Denmark –C–Called Uraniborg- finest observatory in the world Instrumentation –D–Designed and Calibrated- Great accuracy Kepler- Hired as an assistant to calculate planetary orbits

Uraniborg

Kepler German Mathematician Heliocentric Model – Believed sun was principal source of power in the universe Prague – 1600 Met Tycho Brahe- Became assistant Used Tycho’s observations to predict orbits Planetary Orbits – Know for his prediction of elliptical orbit of mars

Kepler’s Planetary Motion elliptical motion elliptical motion 2

Galileo Telescope – Constructed 20x refractor telescope Moons – discovered 4 largest moons of Jupiter in 1610 First observation of satellites orbiting another planet Sunspots – First to observe and correctly explain sunspots Venus – Exhibited a full set of phases resembling our moon Copernican system- Full support

Sir Isaac Newton – English born – Physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, alchemist, theologian Principia – Published in 1687 Considered most influential book in the history of science – Gravitation law – 3 laws of motion Calculus- Inventor Newton or Einstein – Royal society deemed Newton more influential

Newton’s laws of motion First law- "A body persists its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force." Newton's first law is often referred to as the law of inertia. Second law- "Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma)": the net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. Third law - "To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Newton Animations 3 Laws of motion animation

Edmund Halley – English born Prove Keplers Laws – Cambridge to work on problem Newton – Already solved Keplers laws- not published Halley convinced Newton to write Principia at Halleys expense Diving Bell- Inventor Halley’s Comet – Predicted comet of 1456, 1531, 1667, 1682 was same comet and would arrive in 1758

William Herschel – German born British Astronomer Telescope Maker – Best telescope builder of his times Uranus – Discovered Planet