1. web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System 1.heliocentric theory 2. geocentric theory 3. Aristotle 4. Aristarchus 5. Ptolemy 6. Copernicus 7. Johannes Kepler 8. elliptical orbits 9. Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion 10. Galileo 11. Galileo’s telescope

2. ANCIENT CONCEPTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM  ANCIENT GREEKS NAMED THE 6 "WANDERING STARS" PLANETS  SIX INNER PLANETS (including Earth) KNOWN TO ANCIENT PEOPLES  ANCIENT GREEKS BELIEVED IN "GEOCENTRIC“ (EARTH CENTERED) SYSTEM STARS, SUN, PLANETS ON “CELESTIAL SPHERES” MOVE AROUND EARTH ARISTOTLE: GREEK PHILOSOPHER, BELIEVED IN GEOCENTRIC THEORY PTOLEMY REFINED GEOCENTRIC MODEL IN 140 AD USING CIRCULAR ORBITS SLIDE 1

3. FIRST MODERN THEORIES OF SOLAR SYSTEM  ARISTARCHUS: GREEK ASTRONOMER, 1 ST TO PROPOSE HELIOCENTRIC SYSTEM HELIOCENTRIC THEORY STATES THAT SOLAR SYSTEM IS SUN-CENTERED ATTEMPTED TO USE GEOMETRY TO JUDGE DISTANCES TO MOON, SUN HIS HELIOCENTRIC THEORY NOT ACCEPTED (~ 250 BC)  NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (LATE 1500’S AD):ADJUSTED HELIOCENTRIC MODEL HAD PLANETS MOVING IN PERFECTLY CIRCULAR ORBITS AROUND SUN INACCURATE: DID NOT ALLOW EXACT PREDICTIONS OF PLANETS’ MOTIONS SLIDE 2

4. THE LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION  JOHANNES KEPLER (EARLY 1600’S) DEVELOPED 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION  BASED ON 20 YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS BY TYCHO BRAHE IN LATE 1500'S  DEVELOPED THE 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION 1.PLANET ORBITS WERE ELLIPTICAL (SUN AT ONE CENTER) 2.AN ORBITING PLANET MOVED SLOWER IN ORBIT WHEN FURTHEST FROM SUN, FASTER NEAR SUN (SWEPT AREAS EQUAL) 3.STATED THAT PLANETS CLOSEST TO SUN MOVED FASTER  ELLIPSES: SLIGHTLY FLATTENED, CIRCULAR SHAPE WITH 2 CENTERS SLIDE 2

5. SLIDE 3 THE PHYSICS OF PLANETARY ORBITS GALILEO USED THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO DISCOVER NEW CONCEPTS INERTIA: STATES THAT OBJECTS AT REST STAY AT REST AND THOSE IN MOTION REMAIN IN MOTION  INERTIA DEPENDS ON MASS, VELOCITY  MORE MASS, MORE INERTIA DEVELOPED AN IMPROVED REFRACTING (LENS) TELESCOPE  TELESCOPE WAS 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER, MAGNIFIED 20 X  USED TELESCOPE TO VIEW SUNSPOTS, PHASES OF VENUS, THE MOON, JUPITER’S MOONS (Galilean Moons)

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