1. Page 1 FAMOUS ASTRONOMERS

2. Page 2 ARISTOTLE Proved the Earth is round Worked with Optics Created a "prototype" of the Scientific Method His influence extended until the Renaissance 384 BC – 322 BC

3. Page 3 Eratosthenes Determined: –Circumference of Earth –Distance from Earth to Sun Introduced Leap Day as part of the calendar Charted map of known Earth Developed system of Longitude and Latitude 276 BC – 195 BC

4. Page 4 PTOLEMY Postulated: Earth is round and stationary Stars are fixed points Day and night result from rotation of the “celestial system” Planets move on small circular paths called epicycles Geocentric view of celestial system 90 AD – 168 AD

5. Page 5 Nicolaus Copernicus Postulated –Sun is the center of Solar System –Planets orbit Sun in circular orbits –Day and night caused by Earth’s rotation Determined that Mercury and Venus are closer to Sun than Earth Earth has three types of motion: 1.Daily Rotation 2.Yearly revolution 3.Wobble on axis 1473 –1543

6. Page 6 Galileo Galilei Discovered: –Cratering on Moon –Sunspots and motion –Moons of Jupiter (named after him) –Phases of Venus Made improvements in the telescope Called the “Father of Observational Astronomy” 1564 - 1642

7. Page 7 Tycho Brahe Combined Ptolemy and Copernican theories into a Tychonic System Worked without a telescope, but made exceptionally accurate measurements Kepler was his assistant Developed “Lunar Theory” to explain wobbles seen during observations of the Moon during eclipse Identified the first super nova (De nova stella) 1546 –1601

8. Page 8 Johannes Kepler Inspired by viewing of great Comet of 1577 Developed Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion to explain the movement of orbiting bodies Assistant of Tycho Brahe Made observations of Super Nova 1571 – 1630

9. Page 9 Isaac Newton Called the Father of Physics Invented the Reflecting telescope Formed the Theory of Universal Gravitation Formulated the Three Laws of Motion (Described in his work Principia) 1643 – 1727

10. Page 10 Edwin Hubble First to discover other Galaxies than the Milky Way Used Doppler/Red Shift concept to identify that the Universe is expanding Developed a system for classifying galaxies Discovered many deep space asteroids The Hubble Space Telescope is named after him 1889 –1953