Causes of the Civil War The issues that tore our nation apart.

Divided the nation along regional lines North:  Population was growing as immigrants came to work in factories  Economy was industrial based  Moral Issue: Views slavery as evil and unconstitutional South:  Dominated by slave-based cotton production  Economy was agrarian (agriculturally) based  Moral Issue: Viewed slavery as a necessity to maintaining economic wealth

South:  Political Issue: More slave states in the U.S.= South would have more power in Congress.  Congressmen could write laws to protect slavery North:  Political Issue: More free states in the U.S. = North would have more power in Congress. (Political Issue)  Congressmen could write laws to abolish slavery

North South

Strong feelings of loyalty to your state/region first and your nation second Result of growing economic and social differences between the North and the South North:  wanted tariffs to protect its industries South:  opposed tariffs because they increased the cost of imported items

Fugitive Slave Act: Part of the Compromise of 1850 that made it illegal to assist runaway slaves Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe was an antislavery novel that greatly increased support for abolition. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: Allowed Kansas and Nebraska Territories the right to decide whether to be a free or a slave state. This act, according to northerners, violated the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which prohibited slavery north of 36º 30’N. Dred Scott decision: U.S. Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court. John Brown led a raid on Harper’s Ferry (a federal armory) to start a slave revolt.

NorthSouth Supported or Opposed: Issue Supported or Opposed: Fugitive Slave Act Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision John Brown Raid Republican Party Democratic Party S S S S S S O O O O

United States Law North:  did not support  Northerners believed that federal laws applied to all states in all cases South:  supported  Southerners believed they had the right to decide whether or not to follow federal laws No Yes

North:  believed that states did not have the right to leave the Union South:  believed that the U.S. had formed with states voluntarily joining the U.S. and states could voluntarily leave the U.S.  Southerners threaten to leave the U.S. if a Republican is elected President in 1860 election Secede: to withdraw formally

Most Southerners thought Lincoln would abolish slavery. Unionists are Southerners who wanted to stay in the Union and work out differences over slavery. o Sam Houston (Governor of TX) urged Texans to stay in the Union.

A.First state to secede: South Carolina B.Governor Houston refused to call for a convention to consider secession.Secession C. Pro-secession leaders ignored Houston, organized a convention, and adopted an Ordinance of Secession on Feb. 1, D. Texans voted for secession and Texas became the 7th state to secede from the U.S.

Formation of Confederacy A.Texas sent 7 delegates to Montgomery, Alabama. B.Delegates formed a government called the Confederate States of America C. New constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution, but differed in several ways:  Emphasized sovereignty (supremacy) of the states  Protected slavery D. President of the Confederacy: Jefferson Davis E. Texas Convention meets again to write a new state constitution.

Sam Houston A.Sam Houston refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. B.He was removed from office and replaced with Lt. Governor Edward Clark. C.Houston retired to Huntsville where he died on July 26, Civil War Begins A.The Confederate State seized U.S. arsenals, forts, and navy yards with their borders. B.U.S. troops refused to evacuate Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. C.Confederate troops opened fire on April 12, 1861 and this was the beginning of the Civil War.

3. States’ Rights 4. Secession United States Law 2. Sectionalism SouthNorth 1. Slavery