How to predict a Product
Synthesis Acid anhydride + water acid Base anhydride + water base Nonmetallic oxide is acid anhydride Metallic oxide is base anhydride
Decomposition Electrolysis: splits the molecule Heating: most common
Heat hydroxides Produce the oxide and water Exceptions: group 1 hydroxides
Heat carbonates Produce oxide and CO 2 Exceptions: group 1 carbonates
Heat sulfates Produce oxide and sulfur trioxide Exceptions: groups 1 and 2
Heat nitrates Produce oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide Exceptions: group I nitrates produce nitrites and oxygen
Heat chlorates All produce the chloride and oxygen gas
Heat oxides Only for silver, mercury, platinum, palladium, and gold Produce metal and oxygen gas
Single replacement Free metal must be higher on the reactivity series Free nonmetal must be higher on the nonmetal reactivity series
Double replacement Both conditions must occur – Both reactants must be soluble in water – Must be evidence of a chemical reaction Color change Precipitate Bubbles
Complete combustion Always produces carbon dioxide and water
Decomposition problems what if you heat: Calcium oxide Aluminum hydroxide Sodium chlorate Sodium sulfate Sodium nitrate Calcium nitrate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium sulfate
answers Calcium oxide: nothing Aluminum hydroxide aluminum oxide and water Sodium chlorate sodium chloride and oxygen Sodium sulfate nothing Sodium nitrate sodium nitrite and oxygen Calcium nitrate calcium oxide, O 2, NO 2 Magnesium carbonate MgO and CO 2 Magnesium sulfate nothing