Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Chapter 12 Solutions Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2 In water, Strong electrolytes produce ions and conduct an electric current. Weak electrolytes produce a few ions. Nonelectrolytes do not produce ions. Solutes and Ionic Charge Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3 Strong electrolytes Dissociate in water producing positive and negative ions. Produce an electric current in water. In equations show the formation of ions in aqueous (aq) solutions. H 2 O 100% ions NaCl(s) Na + (aq) + Cl − (aq) H 2 O CaBr 2 (s) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Br − (aq) Strong Electrolytes

4 Complete each of the following equations: H 2 O A. CaCl 2 (s) 1) CaCl 2 (s) 2) Ca 2+ (aq) + Cl 2 − (aq) 3) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Cl − (aq) H 2 O B. K 3 PO 4 (s) 1) 3K + (aq) + PO 4 3− (aq) 2) K 3 PO 4 (s) 3) K 3 + (aq) + P 3− (aq) + O 4 − (aq) Learning Check

5 Complete each of the following equations: H 2 O A. CaCl 2 (s) 3) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Cl − (aq) H 2 O B. K 3 PO 4 (s) 1) 3K + (aq) + PO 4 3− (aq) Solution

6 A weak electrolyte Dissociates only slightly in water. In water forms a solution of only a few ions and mostly undissociated molecules. HF(g) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + F - (aq) NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(l) NH 4 + (aq) + OH - (aq) Weak Electrolytes

7 Nonelectrolytes Dissolve as molecules in water. Do not produce ions in water. Do not conduct an electric current. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings