Navigating the Periodic Table

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The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called PERIODS.

The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES. The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties!

Periodic Law When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.

Atomic Number The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons What is the atomic number of lithium?

Elements classified as metals and nonmetals.

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Atomic Number The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons What is the atomic number of lithium?

Elements are organized on the periodic table by increasing atomic number.

Key for each element 13 Al Aluminum 13- Atomic number tells us the number of protons and electrons Al- Chemical Symbol- abbreviation for name Atomic mass= number of protons + number of neutrons Aluminum- Chemical name

Properties of Metals Shiny luster Good conductors of electricity and heat Malleable (changes shape without breaking when hit with a hammer) Ductile (can be stretched into a wire) All of these properties result from loosely held valence electrons in metals

Properties of Nonmetals Dull in luster Bad conductors of electricity and heat Not Malleable or Ductile (can be stretched into a wire) All of these properties result from more tightly held valence electrons in nonmetals