Tahere Noori Gender Statistician Statistics Sweden

Sex The biological differences between women and men, which are universal, obvious and generally permanent. Sex describes the biological, physical and genetic composition with which we are born.

Gender Refers to the comparative or differential roles, responsibilities and opportunities for women and men in a given society.

Gender issue Gender issue A gender issue is any issue or concern determined by gender- based and/or sex-based differences between women and men. gendersexgendersex

Gender issues Gender issues are all aspects and concerns of how women and men interrelate, their differences in access to and use of resources, their activities, and how they react to changes, interventions, and policies.

Gender issues worldwide Decision-making Politcal power Economic decision making Economic life Time use in paid and unpaid work Labour force participation Agriculture Occupational segregation Salaries and career opportunities Informal sector Unemployment abnd underemployment Poverty

Gender issues worldwide Family and household Household headship Houshold size and composition FertilityAgingHealth Life expectancy Diseases Causes of death Reproductive health AIDS

Gender issues worldwide EducationIlliteracy Drop out Fields of study Adult training teachers Violence and Crime Victims of violence and crime Offenders Forced prostitution and trafficking

Gender issues worldwide LawsEnvironment Access to natural resources Environmental degradation Health threats Special Concerns MigrationRefugees

Gender Equality "The main point is not the mere existence of such differences, but the fact that these differences should not have a negative impact on the living conditions of both women and men, should not discriminate against them and should contribute to an equal sharing of power in economy, society and policy-making processes" Final Report of Activities of the Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming (EG-S-MS) Final Report of Activities of the Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming (EG-S-MS) Final Report of Activities of the Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming (EG-S-MS)

What is genderstatistics? Genderstatstics is statstics/indicators which describe social changes as well as current changes in different policy areas with a genderperspective Genderstatstics is statstics/indicators which describe social changes as well as current changes in different policy areas with a genderperspective

Statistics are needed to: Statistics are needed to: Raise consciousness, persuade policymakers and promote changes. Raise consciousness, persuade policymakers and promote changes. Provide ideas, provide an unbiased basis for policies and measures Provide ideas, provide an unbiased basis for policies and measures Monitor and evaluate policies and measures. Monitor and evaluate policies and measures.

Indicator Signal that reveals progress (or lack thereof) towards objectives; means of measuring what actually happens against what has been planned in terms of quantity, quality and timeliness. (Results-oriented Monitoring and Evaluation Handbook – UNDP)

Basic ideas for gender statistics Basic ideas for gender statistics Cross – diciplinary thinking Cross – diciplinary thinking Visibility Visibility Gender sensitised statisticianas Gender sensitised statisticianas User friendy publications User friendy publications Awareness of gender issues Awareness of gender issues

Article 14 Article 14 All variables and characteristics should be analysed and presented with sex as a primary and overall classification. This, in turn, enables all analyses and presentations to be sex specifics. All variables and characteristics should be analysed and presented with sex as a primary and overall classification. This, in turn, enables all analyses and presentations to be sex specifics. All statistics on individuals should be collected by sex.’ All statistics on individuals should be collected by sex.’ All statistics should reflect gender issues. All statistics should reflect gender issues.

YESTERDAY’S APPROACH TODAY’S APPROACH YESTERDAY’S APPROACH TODAY’S APPROACH Statistics on womanGender Statistics For whom? Statistics on woman for woman’sStatistics on women and men advocacyall spheres of society for all policymakers, planers and ordinary people What are the problems? What are the problems? There are no statistics on womanStatistics do not reflect gender issues Systematic errors or biases often occur in statistics on women and men Systematic errors or biases often occur in statistics on women and men

YESTERDAY’S APPROACH TODAY’S APPROACH What needs to be done? Statistics have to be collected by sex All statistics have to be produced, and statistics and indicators and analysed and presented by sex have to be calculated, analysed presented for women only and reflect gender issues in society The production of gender statistics has to be integrated into the entire statistical system for: The production of gender statistics has to be integrated into the entire statistical system for: Statistics on women have to be: Statistics on women have to be: - collection - collection - collected - storages - stored in women’s databases - presentation - presented separately Whose responsibility is it? Women’s machinery/organizations Official statistical system

What is gender mainstreaming What is gender mainstreaming "Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all E.1997.L.O. Para.4. Adopted by ECOSOC 17/7/97

Gender mainstreaming in statistics implies: Gender sensitised user and producer of statistics. A gender sensitive approach in the whole production process of statistics and indicators, including presentation of sex aggregated data. A gender perspective in all traditional statistical fields as a cross disciplinary approach.

Demand for gender statistics “ Ensure that statistics related to individuals are collected, compiled, analysed and presented by sex and age, and reflect problems, issues and questions related to women and men in the society.” (Paragraph 206 (a)).

User friendly presentation Ensure the regular production of a statistical publication on gender that presents and interprets topical data on women and men in a form suitable for a wide range of nontechnical users. ( § 207 (a)) Ensure the regular production of a statistical publication on gender that presents and interprets topical data on women and men in a form suitable for a wide range of nontechnical users. ( § 207 (a))

Problems related to gender statistics Problems related to gender statistics Underutilization of existing data Underutilization of existing data Biased concepts, definitions and measures Biased concepts, definitions and measures Data gaps Data gaps Poor linkage between users and producer of gender statistcs Poor linkage between users and producer of gender statistcs