1 Preferred citation style Axhausen, K.W. (2009) Travel and social capital: Some empirical evidence, 2 nd CCSS Workshop, Zürich, June 2009.

Travel and social capital: Some empirical evidence KW Axhausen IVT ETH Zürich June 2009

3 Part 1: Hypotheses

4 Time-scaled “road”-Switzerland (1950 & 2000) Axhausen and Hurni, 2005

5 Commuter sheds of the 10 largest Swiss towns Botte, 2003

6 Example of a social network geography

7 How to explain travel ? Budget constraints Capability constraints Generalised costs of the schedule Generalised cost of travel Generalised cost of activity participation Risk and comfort-adjusted weighted sums of time, expenditure and social content

How to understand the traveller ? 8 Contacts Ego’s Personal World Social capital Biography Projects Learning

9 Travel and social networks Maintenance of the network requires: Face to face contacts Balanced by other forms of contacts Travel ~ Physical spread of the contacts Trade-off between loosing contacts and “social” capital and investing in new contacts closer to home

10 Hypotheses Professional activity space Migration k Message costs Number of networks Network geography Network overlap Left skew of intensity distribution Personal activity space Local anomie + - Elasticity > 0 Elasticity <

11 Part 2: Survey work

12 Data needs Measurement of the activity spaces (geographies, markets) Estimate of previous activity spaces (Local) level of trust Strength and object of attachment to a locality

13 Contributors ifmo, Berlin – T. Ohnmacht, A Frei and KW Axhausen UK DfT – J Larsen, J Urry and KW Axhausen COST 355/ifmo – A Frei and KW Axhausen VW Stiftung – M Kowald, A Frei, K Nagel and J Illenberger

14 Items to capture the social network geographies Name generators Core network Leisure “partners” Name interpreters Type and length of contact Frequency by mode of contact Home location

15 Number of contacts reported

16 Comparison of the instrument

17 Geocoded home locations

18 Distances between home locations

19 Size of network geometries

20 Ratio of contacts to population

21 Interactions by mode and distance between homes

22 Market share by contact mode

Preview: A snowball sample 23

Preview: First response rate experiences Wave 0Wave 1Wave 2 Sample (380) Not yet reached1132 Contacted Not reached6618 Refused6038 Recruited2664 Sent without recruitment-27 Full information2032 (of contacted)(13%)(22%) 24

25 The context Wages Fleet comfort Housing consumption vtts et al. Activities Specialisation k vkm pkm Tours Energy costs Elasticity > 0 Elasticity < Migration + + Activity space Network geography Number of networks Network overlap Local anomie

Further information 26