Classification copyright cmassengale1

Classification video copyright cmassengale 2

Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organismsThere are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!!This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identifiedNew organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale 3

What is Classification? Classification: is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale 4

Benefits of Classifying Accurately & uniformly names organismsAccurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fishPrevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all namesUses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names copyright cmassengale 5 Sea”horse”??

Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names copyright cmassengale 6

Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists copyright cmassengale 7

Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist.2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist. Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals He subdivided them by their habitat (land, sea, or air dwellers)He subdivided them by their habitat (land, sea, or air dwellers) copyright cmassengale 8

Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for namingJohn Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plantHis names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant copyright cmassengale 9

Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their morphology (form & structure) Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale 10

Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy”Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming organisms: known as binomial nomenclatureDeveloped the modern system of naming organisms: known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species)Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale 11

Tuesday 2/23/2016 Agenda: Classifications  Notes: Binomial Nomenclature  Activity: Linnaean Foldable  GRADEBOOK CLOSES TUESDAY 3/1/2016!! Homework/Class Work:  No Homework!

Rules of Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature usedBinomial nomenclature used Genus speciesGenus species Latin or GreekLatin or Greek Italicized in printItalicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT speciesCapitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writingUnderline when writing copyright cmassengale 13 Turdus migratorius American Robin

Binomial nomenclature example: copyright cmassengale 14 Ex. Felix domesticus (genus, species) -or- Ex. Homo sapiens

Binomial Nomenclature copyright cmassengale 15 Which TWO are more closely related?

Classification Groups Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placedTaxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specificThere is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, speciesDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species copyright cmassengale 16

Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species copyright cmassengale 17 BROADEST TAXON Most Specific Linnaean System of Classification

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Wednesday/Thursday 2/24-2/25/2016 Agenda: Classifications  Notes: Domain  Activity: Scientific Categorization Worksheet  Activity: White Board Review  Activity: Shoe Classification Homework/Class Work:  Activity: Scientific Categorization Worksheet due Today 2/24-2/25/2016 for 25 Points

Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species copyright cmassengale 21 BROADEST TAXON Most Specific Linnaean System of Classification

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Domain Broadest, most inclusive taxonBroadest, most inclusive taxon 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria & Eukarya Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organellesEukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles copyright cmassengale 23 End: P.5 & 6

The 3 DOMAINS

Domain Eukarya is divided into 4 kingdoms 1. Protista (protozoans, algae…) 1. Protista (protozoans, algae…) 2. Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) 2. Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) 3. Plantae (multicellular plants) 3. Plantae (multicellular plants) 4. Animalia (multicellular animals) 4. Animalia (multicellular animals) copyright cmassengale 25 These are the “qualifications” an organisms must fall under to be classified as a protista, fungi, plantae or animalia