Angiosperms

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Type 2: Angiosperms (flowering plants) Flower = reproductive structure –P–Purpose: Attract animals –F–Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds Seeds –G–Grow inside the fruit –I–Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Food supply

Seed Dispersal Fruit brightly colored –Attracts animals Seeds pass through animals digestive system Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop

Angiosperm Groups 2 groups: Based on seed type Cotyledon: embryonic leaf Two Categories: –Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf –Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

Monocots vs. Dicots Key point

Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? Net-like veins

Monocot or Dicot?

3 petals Parallel veins

Monocot or Dicot? 5 petals

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Veins run parallel

Veins branch like net

Angiosperm Life Spans Three Life Span Types: 1. Annuals –1 year: Seed grows…produce flowers & seeds…die Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Seed germinates Plant growth Flower  Fruit  Seeds Plant dies

Three Life Span Types: 2. Biennials –1 st year: Seed grows and stores food –2 nd year: grows more, makes flowers & seeds…dies Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Seed germinates Plant growth Dormant Plant growth Flower  Fruit  Seeds Plant dies Angiosperm Life Spans

Three Life Span Types: 3. Perennials –Live for more than 2 years Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Angiosperm Life Spans Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Seed germinatesPlant growthDormant Flower, Fruit, Seeds Plant dies Plant growth Dormant Plant growth Dormant Plant growth Dormant Plant growth Flower, Fruit, Seeds

sepals petals Reproductive structure of angiosperms Sepals –o–outer ring of leaves –p–protection Petals –I–Inner ring of leaves –B–Brightly colored to attract pollinators Male and female organs found inside Flowers male female

Flowers Female Carpel –I–Inner most part –O–Ovary: within the base (female gametophyte) –S–Style: long stalk –S–Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen Male Stamen –S–Surround carpel –F–Filaments: long stalks –A–Anther: produces pollen (male gametophyte) style filament

Tulip Pistil and Stamen male female

Lily Pistil and Stamen male female

Pistil and Stamen male female

Pistil and Stamen male female

... Self-Pollination (own pollen fertilizes own egg)

Cross-Pollination (pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another)...

In the male anthers: Meiosis creates 4 haploid microspores (gametophyte) In each microspore, the nucleus splits in two 1 nucleus: forms pollen tube 1 nucleus: splits again to make 2 more nuclei 1 nucleus: fertilizes the egg 1 nucleus: fuses to make endosperm

Pollen grains released

In the ovule: carpel ovary ovule Meiosis makes 4 megaspores (only 1 survives) In megaspore, mitosis creates 8 nuclei 1 = egg cell 2 = forms embryo sac 5 = disintegrate

Pollination: Pollen land on the stigma...

3 nuclei in Pollen: –1: forms pollen tube –2: transfer into the ovule... Double Fertilization: 1 sperm nucleus fuses with egg nucleus (zygote created) 1 sperm nucleus fuses with 2 egg nuclei forming the embryo sac & endosperm Reminder: 3 nuclei in ovule already: 1: forms egg 2: embryo sac

Ovule hardens into seed

Ovary grows into a fruit with the seeds inside… rest of flower dies

Fruit falls to ground

Fruit is digested… Seeds pass through…

seed Seedling begins to grow…

Years later….