Nail Structure Nail Growth Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions Nail Theory Nail Structure Nail Growth Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions

Onychology The study of nails.

Nail Structure Free Edge – Extends past the skin. Nail Body – Visible nail area. Nail Wall – Skin on both sides of nail. Lunula – Whitened half-moon Eponychium – Lies at the base of the nail, live skin. Mantle – Holds root and matrix.

Nail Structure 7. Nail Matrix – Generates cells that make the nail. 8. Nail Root – Attached to matrix 9. Cuticle – Overlapping skin around the nail 10. Nail Bed – Skin that nail sits on 11. Nail Grooves – Tracks that nail slides on 12. Perionychium – Skin around nail 13. Hyponychium – Underneath the free edge

Hyponychium Nail Body Nail Groove Nail Bed Lunula Eponychium Nail Root Matrix

Free Edge Nail Bed Eponychium Matrix Nail Root

Nail Growth Keratin – Glue-like protein that hardens to make the nail. Rate of Growth 4 to 6 month to grow new nail Approx. 1/8” per month Faster in summer

Injuries Result: shape distortions or discoloration Nail lost due to trauma. Nail lost through disease.

Types of Nail Implements Nippers Nail Clippers Cuticle Pusher Emery Board or orangewood stick

Nail Diseases, Disorders and Conditions Onychosis – Any nail disease Etiology – Cause of nail disease, disorder or condition. Hand and Nail Examination – Check for problems Six signs of infection – Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing and pus

Symptoms Coldness – Lack of circulation Heat – Infection Dry Texture – Lack of moisture Redness – Infection Color of Nail Bed – Bruise Condition of Free Edge – Nail biter Tenderness/stiffness – Arthritis Nail Plate Thickness - Filing

Nail Irregularities Refer to a physician!! Do not diagnose!!

Onychomycosis Tinea Unguium / Ringworm Cause – fungus Thick, turns colors, deformed See physician No services may be performed!!!

Tinea Manus Hand Ringworm Fungus Blisters & flakes See physician No services may be performed!!

Tinea Pedis Athletes Foot / Foot Ringworm Fungus Itching & red blisters See Physician No services may be performed!!

Paronychia Inflammation Bacterial Infection Shows signs of infection May grow out irregular See physician No service may be performed!!

Onychoptosis Shedding of Nails Disease Sensitive, nail loss Will re-grow Needs to be protected No service may be performed!!

Onychia Inflammation of Matrix Bacterial Infection Signs of infection Nail may not grow back If it does grow, may be deformed Needs to be protected No services may be performed!!

Onychatrophia Wasting away of the nail Injury Shrinkage, separation May improve in 3 – 6 months No services may be performed!!

Onycholysis Loosening of Nail Systemic Partially loose nail, becomes detached See physician No services may be performed!!

Blue Nails Blue nails Systemic Blue in color, poor circulation Manicure with caution!

Corrugations Ridges across nail Injury/systemic Ridges Buff lightly Ridges may disappear while growing out. Lightly buff, apply base coat

Kolionychia Spoon Nails Systemic Concave, unusual shape, unlikely to disappear File carefully, polish to protect

Furrows Vertical Lines Injury Buff lightly, may grow out, may be permanent Lightly buff and apply base coat

Onychogryposis Claw Nails Systemic Thick, curved, claw-like Physician may remove Difficult to clean and cut. Clean under free edge.

Extreme Case of Onychogryposis

Onychocryptosis Ingrown Nails Environmental Signs of infection: No Service Refer to physician If not infected: Soften skin, trim nail DO NOT CUT OUT INGROWN NAIL!!

Onychauxis Hypotrophy Injury Thickness, easily recognizable Lightly buff

Agnails Hang Nail Dry Cuticle Skin breaks at corner of nail, trim May heal in 2 to 3 days Trim Hangnail and Moisturize

Bruised Nails Purple Nails Trauma Discoloration under nail, normal growth will continue No pressure on nail plate.

Leuconychia White spots Injury or liver disease Small separation from nail bed, grows out with nail. Perform nail service as usual.

Pterygium Overgrown cuticles Sticky cuticle Excess cuticle that splits and eventually tears. Soften, massage cuticles and push back Unless skin is broken, then no service.

Extreme Case of Pterygium

Onychophagy Bitten Nails Habit Easily recognizable, will re-grow if biting stops Perform nail service weekly

Onychorrhexis Split Nails Injury (improper filing or harsh chemical contact) Easily recognizable, file with emery board carefully, may be permanent Soften nails, use hot oil manicure