1. The Nail and its Disorders: Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Cosmetology
The Nail and its Disorders: Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Trade & Industrial Education

2. Onychosis Onychosis: any disease, disorder, or condition of the nail.
1. To protect yourself and the client nail services should not be performed.
2. If a disease is present, the client must be referred to a physician.
3. If a disorder is present, a nail service may be done with extra care.
4. If a condition is present, nail services can be performed with the proper techniques, products, and nutrition.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

3. Determine Onychosis Determine Onychosis
1. Identify the disease, disorder, or condition.
2. Identify etiology or cause of the disease, disorder, or condition; which could be internally, environmentally or or disease related.
3. Identify the onychosis (diagnosis) and give an outlook (prognosis).
4. Suggest home care products and treatments.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

4. Analyze the hands and nails
When you are examining the hands and nails there are six signs of infection to look for; pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, and pus.
If any of these signs are present, you cannot perform services, but instead refer that person to a physician.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

5. Nail Diseases
Key Point: Any person with a nail disease must be referred to a physician
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

6. Nail Diseases
Onychomycosis: also known as tinea unguium; is ringworm of the nail
1. Cause: fungus.
2. Signs: nail will become thick, and discolored ranging from black to white, white scaly patches with yellow streaks under the nail; nail may fall off.
Tinea Manus: ringworm of the nail.
2. Signs: looks like a ring with small blisters, dark pink to red in color, sometimes has dry flakes, and spread to other parts of the body.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

7. Nail Diseases
Tinea Pedis: also known as ringworm of the feet or athlete’s foot
1. Cause: fungus.
2. Signs: itching and peeling of the skin on feet, group or single blisters containing fluids and are found on sores and between toes.
Paroncyhia: also know as felon, is an inflammation of skin around the nail.
1. Cause: bacterial infection from an infected hangnail of contaminated implements.
2. Signs: red, swollen, warm to touch, and nail may fall off.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

8. Nail Diseases Onychoptosis: shedding or falling off of nails.
1. Cause: disease and injury to the nail.
2. Signs: may occur on one or two nails and nail bed may be sensitive.
Onychia: inflammation of the nail matrix.
1. Cause: bacterial infections and disease related.
2. Signs: inflammation of the nail matrix, pus, red, swollen, and tender; nail may stop growing and detach.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

9. Nail Diseases
Onychatrophia: atrophy of the nail or wasting away of the nail.
1.Cause: injury or systemic disease (illness, nutrition, or heredity).
2. Signs: nail gets smaller in size and may lift from nail bed.
Oycholysis: loosening or separation of the nail.
1. Cause: internal disorder, infection or drug treatment.
2. Signs: loosening of the nail plate; nail is still attached to the root and does not fall off.
Safety rules protect you and those around you from injury.
Whose responsibility is safety and health in the classroom laboratory? (Students’, teachers’, everyone’s)
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions
Trade & Industrial Education

10. Nail Disorders
Key Point: Clients with a nail disorder may receive a service unless infection is present.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

11. Nail Disorders Blue nail: appear blue in color.
1. Cause: Systemic problems of the heart; poor blood circulation or injury.
2. Signs: nail appears to be blue; common in older people.
3. Treatment: recommend seeing a physician; give manicure with care and light pressure.
Corrugations: horizontal ridges across the nail.
1. Cause: injury of systemic condition.
2. Signs: ridges in the nail.
3. Treatment: may be lightly buffed; apply base coat or ridge filler.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

12. Nail Disorders
Kolionychia: also know as spoon nails are nails with a concave shape.
1. Cause: systemic or long-term illness or nerve disturbance.
2. Signs: odd shaped nails.
3. Treatments: file carefully; no pressure; use polish to harden and protect nail.
Furrows: indented vertical lines down the nail plate.
1. Cause: injury to the matrix; nutrition, injury or illness, pushing to hard with cuticle pusher during manicure or exposure to harsh chemicals.
2. Signs: vertical lines down the nail plate.
3. Treatments: lightly buff; use base coat or ridge filler
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

13. Nail Disorders
Onychogryposis: also know as claw nails, have an increased curvature of the nail.
1. Cause: systemic.
2. Signs: thickness and curving of the nail that may occur with age of injury.
3. Treatment: carefully clean under free edge, file with an emery board and keep nails short; nail trimming should be performed by a podiatrist.
Onychocryptosis: ingrown nail.
1. Cause: environmental or improper trimming of the nails; occurs on toes if shoes are too tight, or the toenails are filed too deep into the sides.
2. Signs: nail grown into the edge of the nail groove.
3. Treatments: soften skin, trim nail straight across.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

14. Nail Disorders
Onychauxis: also known as hypertrophy , which is a thickening of overgrowth of the nail plate.
1. Cause: injury to the nail or systemic.
2. Signs: thickening of the nail plate.
3. Treatment: lightly buff to even out nail.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

15. Nail Conditions
Key Point: Clients with nail conditions have minor irregularities, which allow them to receive nail services.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

16. Nail Conditions
Aganails: also know as hangnails are split cuticles; loose skin separates from the cuticle.
1. Cause: dry cuticle; environmental.
2. Signs: break in skin at the corners of the nail.
3. Treatment: may be trimmed with cuticle
nippers; moisturize and apply cuticle oil.
Bruised Nail: dark purplish color under the nail.
1. Cause: injury to nail; environmental; blood becomes trapped under nail.
2. Signs: discoloration under the nail.
3. Treatment: do not apply pressure on nail plate.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

17. Nail Conditions Onychophagy: bitten nails.
1. Cause: nervous habit; stress related.
2. Signs: sensitive to touch; nail plate may appear flat and deformed.
3. Treatment: recommend that client receives a weekly manicure with polish
Onychorrexis: split or brittle nails.
1. Cause: injury, improper filing, or exposure to harsh chemicals.
2. Signs: thin, splitting nails.
3. Treatments: soften nails before trimming, recommend client use daily moisturizers and use rubber gloves when hands are exposed to water or chemicals.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions

18. Pigmentation Problems
Any discoloration of the nail may indicate a problem in the nail bed or nail plate.
These signs should not be ignored, but referred to a physician.
©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education
Cosmetology I: Nail Disorders, Diseases, & Conditions