Prokaryotes.

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Presentation transcript:

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes The domain of Bacteria The typical bacterium contains: cytoplasm, nuclear material, ribosomes, a cell wall, plasma membrane, pili, flagellum, and capsule.

Prokaryotes lack a cell nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotes One way to classify bacteria is by examining its shape. We will examine the three basic shapes but note that others exist.

Three basic shapes of bacteria Prokaryotes Three basic shapes of bacteria Bacilli are rod-shaped with noticeable breaks Cocci spherically-shaped Spirilla spiral-shaped with smooth curves

Bacterial Colony Morphology study of the form and structure Prokaryotes Bacterial Colony Morphology study of the form and structure Borrelia burgdorferi Spiral/Spirilla Lyme disease

Prokaryotes Form - What is the basic shape of the colony? For example, circular, filamentous, etc. Escherichia coli Bacillus/Rod

Prokaryotes Elevation - What is the cross sectional shape of the colony? Staphylococcus aureus Coccus- round

Prokaryotes In 1884 Hans Christian Gram developed a staining procedure, Gram Staining The composition of the cell wall of bacteria vary among species.

Prokaryotes

Due to this difference bacteria can be divided into two groups; Prokaryotes Due to this difference bacteria can be divided into two groups; Gram positive Gram negative

Prokaryotes Gram positive bacteria have thick peptidoglycan cell walls and retain a purple color when stained with crystal violet. Usually less toxic

Prokaryotes Gram negative bacteria have thin peptidoglycan cell walls these cells retain the red color when stained

Prokaryotes Gram staining involves three processes: 1.Staining with a water-soluble dye called crystal violet, 2.Decolorization, 3.Counterstaining, usually with safanin.

Results Red rods gram negative Purple circles gram positive Review…….

Prokaryotes Reagent: is a substance or compound consumed during a chemical reaction. Crystal violet (primary stain) Iodine solution/Gram's Iodine ( fixes crystal violet to cell wall) Decolorizer (e.g. ethanol) Safranin (secondary stain) Water (preferably in a squirt bottle)

Prokaryotes Decolorizer (e.g. ethanol) which dehydrates the peptidoglycan layer, shrinking and tightening it.