1. Bacteria Classification and Characteristics By: Sarah Haudrich, Kiley Plenderl eith and Jimmy Livingston

2. Overview  kingdoms of bacteria  classification of bacteria  gram staining  shapes of bacteria  how bacteria moves

3. Kingdoms  Prokaryotes- unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus  Prokaryote kingdom- Monera  Kingdoms within the prokaryote kingdom- Eubacteria and Archaebacteria prokaryote

4. Eubacteria  Larger kingdom  cell walls have peptidoglycan (a carb)  can live almost anywhere  fresh water  salt water  humans eubacteria

5. Archaebacteria  DNA sequence of genes are more like eukaryotes than eubacteria  Eukaryotes may be a far ancestor  can live in harsh environments  mud  animal digestive tracts  extremely salty areas DNA

6. Similarities between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria  Small in size  Lacks a nucleus  Has cell walls

7. Classification  classified by... a) their shapes b) their chemical nature of the cell walls c) the way they move d) how they obtain energy

8. gram staining (eubacteria)  technique to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on cell wall  based on the ability of bacteria cell wall to retaining the crystal violet dye during solvent treatment  Gram staining helps distinguish between gram positive and gram negative by coloring red or violet

9. Gram positive  Stains violet  peptidoglycan in cell walls  The following are characteristics of gram positive bacteria  Thick peptidoglycan layer- polymer consisting of sugar and amino acids  Peptidoglycan chains are cross-linked to form rigid cell walls however, the decolorized Gram negative cells are stained red.

10. Gram negative  Stains red  Thinner wall  Does not retain violet during decoloring process

11. gram staining process  cells are stained with a crystal dye  Decolorization- ethyl alcohol or acetone is added to the sample  Gram positive stains violet  Gram negative stains red  counterstaining  A counterstain is added, staining the sample red  The counterstain will not disrupt the violet stain in Gram positive  However, the decolorized Gram negative cells are stained red

12. What are 3 Different Shapes of Eubacteria?  Rod shaped (Bacilli)  Spherically shaped (Cocci)  Spiral shaped (Spirochetes)

13. How does bacteria move in three different modes?  Propelled by flagella  Glide slowly (slime)  Whip themselves

14. Moving bacteria