CSR & Participation CSRD 27 September 2010

Introduction Summary (short – of CSR & Impact Assessment) Exercise: CSR and Participation Presentation: CSR and Participation

Course Outline Structure Overview: CSR and Dev Cross-Cutting Themes  Impact Assessment  Participation Current Topics  Codes of Conduct, SMEs, Ethical trading, GVCs. Summary & Integration

Summary What Is CSR Impact Assessment?

Summary What Is CSR Impact Assessment?  An assessment, as objective as possible, of the long-term intended and unintended consequences of CSR-interventions  Note: CSR Evaluation: An assessment, as objective as possible, of the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability, and impact of CSR interventions

Summary What Do We Know About CSR’s Impacts?

Summary What Do We Know About CSR’s Impacts?  Mainly about the business case  Otherwise little, like  CSR initiatives work for some firms (workers, communities etc), in some places, in tackling some issues, some of the time (Newell, 2005)

PPP Impact Assessment Assumptions (Lund-Thomsen 2009)  Interest in Knowing Effects  Truth Out There To Be Discovered  We Can Discover the Truth  Will Generate More Comparative Evidence Politics of Assessing Impact  Whose interests do PPP IAs serve?  IAs: Story to Written, Negotiation/Resistance

PPP Impact Assessment Politics of Impact Assessment  Issues/Voices Included or Excluded?  Context Specificity Impact Assessment Criteria (Utting and Zammit, 2009)  Functional & Performance Selectivity  Policy Coherence

Exercise: CSR and Participation Consider how to ensure ‘proper participation’ of local communities in CSR interventions – the case of South Africa  Who?  When?  How?  What issues?

Exercise: CSR and Participation Consider how to ensure ‘proper participation’ of local communities in CSR interventions – the case of South Africa  Who?  When?  How?  What issues?

CSR and Participation What is a participatory approach to IA? Empowerment, process, accessible tools (Mayoux & Chambers, 2005) Why Is It Relevant? Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and IA Southern-Centred Perspectives ”The world of CSR would look very different if the priorities of poorer groups were put first” Capture local priorities/diversity of voices Increases skills, knowledge, networks

CSR and Participation Where Is It Relevant?  Resource extraction industries Oil, gas, mining, etc.  Labour and pollution-intensive domestic/ export industries Textile, leather, footwear, etc.

CSR and Participation Structural Conditions (Omeje 2008)  MNCs During Colonialism Colonies Used for Resource Extraction Advance Industrialization in the West Right to Raise Taxes, Maintain Armies Forced Labour, Compulsory Cash Crop Production ’Self-sustaining, organic economies to resource extraction economies’

CSR and Participation Rentier State Resource Extraction Continues Dependent on Revenues from MNCs Rents monopolized by Elites ’Masses Not Benefitting’ No Development of Productive Sectors MNCs Complicit in a System That Produces Underdevelopment

CSR and Participation Dilemmas: Corporations - Community (Newell & Garvey 2005) What is participation? Citizen control, delegated power, partnership, placation, consultation, informing, therapy or manipulation? What is a community? Gender, age, religion, geography, ethnicity, income?

CSR and Participation Dilemmas: Corporations -> Community (Continued) Unrealistic Assumptions Innocent, naive, ’good’ community members, (women) workers etc. Who defines and who qualifies as a stakeholder? How are stakeholder views weighed?

CSR and Participation Community -> Corporation (Newell & Garvey 2005)  Effectiveness of strategies State-Based  State-corporate, state-community, vulnerability to int. pressure, access to information, legal framework Company-Based  Multiple levels, level of vulnerability, approach to participation Community-Based  Powerlessness, livelihood options, intra-community dynamics, representation

Next Session (Week 40) Value Chains, Codes of Conduct and Impact on the working conditions in the textiles and clothing industry (SJ)  Neilson and Pritchard (2009): Value Chain Analysis & Local Institutions  Jenkins et al. (2002): Codes of Conduct Strengths and Weaknesses  Ethical Trading Initiative (2006): ETI Code of Labour Practice  Nelson et al. (2007): Impacts of Codes..  Bezuidenhout & Jeppesen (forthcoming): The Impact of Labour Codes of Conduct on the Working Conditions …