Loser --- has major problems, in or near bankruptcy Poor --- has problems and is losing money Fair --- holding its own, no profits Survivor --- tracking with past performance Very Good performing better than the past Country Class in Industry World Class in Industry Country Class World Class Best of Breed The Stairway to success S U C C E S S

“Move from compliance/conformance to performance….the need to be COMPETITIVE”

Forces for Change Technology Faster, cheaper and more reliable technology Globalization Global competitors – WTA, AFTA; mergers and acquisitions Economic shocks Collapse of national economy – Greece; Portugal The rise of China; India… ASEAN 1997 Economic Crisis Social trends Female-Male Univ. Std Ratios; Mat Rempit; Internet-Facebook Mania Nature of the workforce Aging population; many new entrants with inadequate skills

Why Smarter? Because something meaningful is happening. The world is SMALLER. The world is FLATTER. The world is about to get a whole lot SMARTER.

WHAT DO WE NEED TO BECOME “WORLD CLASS” INFRASTRUCTURES….TOOLS …EQUIPMENTS ….SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES HUMAN…INSAN NEED TO MANAGE THE POSSIBLE RADICAL CHANGES…TRANSFORMATION…WE CRITICALLY NEED TO MAKE QUICK (..instant) AND ACCURATE DECISIONS AND IN DOING SO WE NEED VALID AND RELIABLE INFORMATION…fr relevant impactful research and publications

Research Purpose Pushing back the frontiers of knowledge Spreading………. disseminating knowledge

The Publication Challenge Consider the following statistic: The chance that a typical paper of average quality will get a favorable recommendation from both referees is about 11% (= 1/9).

Maintain a stock of papers under review constantly If the acceptance rate of the top-ranking journals is 15%, you need about 7 papers under review at all times to have one paper accepted per year. This does not mean that you should write 7 new papers each year. If your goal is to get 10 papers accepted in the first 5 years of your career, you need about a dozen papers under review at all times.

PUBLICATION STRATEGIES

Strategy 1

Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about writing A survey of 400,000 U.S. faculty revealed 26% spent zero hours per week writing. 27% never published a peer reviewed journal paper. 43% had published nothing in the last 2 years. 62% never published a book. Only 28% had produced two publications in the past two years. Only 25% of faculty spent more than eight hours a week writing. This was self reported the real number could be much lower. 15% of faculty are productive writers

Strategy 2

Strategy 2: Collect a pool of potential journals for each article For each paper, note the pool of potential journals. Do not submit two papers to the same journal in two months, especially if the two articles are related. Editors prefer to publish two articles by different authors.

Target journal It is beneficial to decide on a target journal during the very early stages of writing an article, rather than first preparing an article and then considering where to send it. Analyse potential journals and choose one. Write your article with your target journal in mind. This is useful because different journals have different perceptions of science as well as differing opinions on how articles ought to be written. By writing directly for your target journal, you will ensure the right type of approach and speed up your writing process. If you wish to be even wiser, you may also choose a secondary target journal for the case that your primary option fails.

When selecting your target journal it is beneficial to conduct an analysis of the purpose and mission of the journal, and examine what type of articles they typically publish. Pay special attention on the topics, the structure and the research methods. Conduct a deeper analysis on about five recent articles in the target journal. If the journal does not seem suitable, choose another one and conduct a similar analysis. Browse through the editorial board and previous authors and pay attention to their nationalities. Pay attention to the journal’s turnaround time. Turnaround time means the time from submission to receiving feedback from reviewers to publication.

Approach different types of journals Sending all papers to top journals is risky Sending all papers to low-quality journals is unsatisfactory Quantity and quality important. Having three papers in different journals is better than three in one journal, if the relative quality of the journals is the same.

Keep a record of your publications Some effective researchers use a “research log” to: 1) Know when to send a reminder to the editor 2) Prevent resubmission of a rejected paper to the same journal and 3) Avoid multiple submission of several papers to the same journal within a short period of time.

Types of Articles

Characteristics of Articles TypeDescription Research/EmpiricalArticle reporting on the results of one or more studies or experiments, written by the person(s) who conducted the research. This is considered one type of primary source. Look in the title or abstract for words like study, research, measure, subjects, data, effects, survey, or statistical which might indicate empirical research. Case StudyA case study is an account of an activity, event or problem that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes the complexities you would encounter in the workplace. Case studies are used to help you see how the complexities of real life influence decisions. Types of Scholarly Articles

ReviewSummarizes the findings of others studies or experiments; attempts to identify trends or draw broader conclusions. Scholarly in nature but not a primary source or research article, however its references to other articles will include primary sources or research articles. Meta- Analysis A meta-analysis is a synthesis of the results of two or more primary studies that addressed the same hypothesis in the same way.

Letters or Communicatio ns Short descriptions of important latest study or research findings which are usually considered urgent for immediate publication. Examples: breakthroughs regarding cures or treatments for previously incurable conditions, or cure for a particular outbreak of disease, like for example swine flu. TheoreticalContaining or referring to a set of abstract principles related to a specific field of knowledge; characteristically it does not contain original empirical research or present experimental data, although it is scholarly

AppliedDescribes technique, work flow, management or human resources issue. Professional communications, Book reviews, Letters to the Editor Most scholarly journals publish articles that pertain to the workings of the profession but are not 'scholarly' in nature.

Strategy 3

Strategy 3: Developed Research Based Publications Generate papers from your research Try to generate a couple of papers from the research process and output: - Literature Review Stage - Developing Conceptual Frameworks - Methodological Issues - Exploratory Findings Based - Conclusive Findings Related Work with your research teams – research students and co researchers

International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies Vol: 3, No: 6. June, 2012 ISSN Available online at A Review on the Role of Managerial Levers in Innovation Management Suriati Bt Zainal Abidin 1 Sany Sanuri Bin Mokhtar 2 Rushami Zien Bin Yusoff 3 1, 2, 3 College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia UUM Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, MALAYSIA.

1. Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah & Rushami Zien Yusoff. (2014). The role of human resource management (HRM) practices in promoting organizational innovation in Malaysian SMEs: Some preliminary findings. 2. “Entrepreneurial Orientation As A Determinant of Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs” 3. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: A Proposed Framework” 4. “The Role Of Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices In Promoting Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: Some Preliminary Findings” 5. “Enhancing Organizational Performance of Malaysian SMEs Through Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices And Organizational Innovative Capability: A Proposed Framework” 6. “Investigating The Role Of Human Resource Management Practices On The Performance of SME: A Conceptual Framework” 7. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian SMEs” Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff 8. “The Innovation-Performance Linkage: Empirical Evidence of Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs” Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff

34 Lean Manufacturing Budaya Organisasi Jenis Industri Prestasi Kualiti Pretasi Kewangan Prestasi Operasi Supply Chain 6 Sigma Jenis Lean Tools (Lyns,2005; Hutchin, 2007) (Thalner 2005; Burch 2008; Ulmer 2008; Abdul Malek, 2006; Greene 2002 Ayonkanbi 2007) (Radnor,2008; Abdul Malek 2006; Abdullah,2003; Ezzeddine 2006) Kaedah Penilaian (Doolen, 2006; Cumbo, 2006) Kaedah Pelaksanaan ( Dreher 2009;Hutchin, 2007; Greene,2002; Kumar, 2006; Lee, 2007; Koltzenburg.2004; Tennant, 2000; Weber, 2006) (Parks,2005;Radnor, 2008; Hutchin 2007; Weber,2006;Cameron,2009;Hansen, Nohria, & Tierney, 2001; Kanter, 1997; Nonanka & Takeuchi, 1995; Polito & Watson,2006; Todd, 2001 ) (Olsen, 2004) (Lyns,2005; Ulmer,2008) (Olsen, 2004; Lyns,2005; Gahagan,2008 ) (Altria, 2009) (Yusuf, 2002) AgileInventory Control (Keenan, 2006) (Krishnan, 2007) TQM (Altria, 2009; Roy Henrik 2006)  Banyak kajian-kajian yang telah dijalankan mengenai Lean Manufacturing; Journal

Panizzolo (1998) Process and equipment Manufacturing Planning and control Human resources Product design Supplier relationships Customer relationships Cindy (1999) JIT Purchasing, JIT Production JIT Selling Greene (2002) Throughput Flexibility Flow Kaizen. Pavnaskar (2003) Sistem Objek Operasi Aktiviti Sumber Ciri-ciri Abdulmalek (2006) Kualiti Proses pengeluaran Kaedah 35

36 Kumpulan Lean Tools Moderator Variable (MV) Pembolehubah Bersandar Dependent Variable (DV) Pembolehubah Tidak Bersandar Independent Variable (IV) Proses Pengeluaran 1.Setup time 2.Takt time 3.Mixed model 4.Cellular manufacturing 5.Supermarket 6.One-piece flow 7.Pull 8.Leveling / Heijunka Kualiti 1.Autonomation 2.Pokayoke 3.TPM 4.SPC Kaedah 1.5S 2.Continuous improvement 3.Standardized work 4.Problem solving team 5.5 Why 6.Multi skilled worker 7.Visual control 8.Value stream mapping Budaya Organisasi Prestasi Operasi

Sustainable Product Development Analysis of Literature Related Sustainable Product Development

Sustainable Product Development (Maxwell & Vorst, 2003) Optimize Functionality Optimize Environmental Impacts Optimize Social Impacts Optimize Economic aspects

Sustainable Product Development (Charter, 1998). Stakeholder Orientation Customer Employee Suppliers Share Holders Society

Sustainable Product Development (Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006). Eco Design Tools Eco design check list ABC analysis Environmental Responsible matrix LIDs wheel Comparing tools

Sustainable Product Development (Hendrik Ny, 2006). Life Cycle Assessment Evaluating Environmental impact

Sustainable Product Development (Petrick, & Echols, 2003) Tech road mapping Information Technology Supply chain management Emphasize software based to transform NPD

Sustainable Product Development (Pujari, Wright,& Peattie, 2003) New Product Development Environmental issues Enhance Competitiveness Increase Sales Improved Customer Feedback Closeness to Customer Improve Corporate Image Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter & van der Linde, 1995 Fierman, 1991 Frankel, 1992 Dean et,al, 1995 Engleberg, 1992; Kolk, 2000

Sustainable Product Development (Nasr, & Thurston, 2006). Product re- manufacturing Product Life Cycle strategy Design for re mfg

Sustainable Product Development Product re-manufacturing Product Life Cycle strategy Design for re mfg Nasr, & Thurston, 2006 Tech road mapping Information Technology Supply chain management Emphasize software based to transform NPD Petrick, & Echols, 2003 Evaluating Environmental impact Life Cycle Assessment Hendrik Ny, 2006 Eco design check list ABC analysis Environmental Responsible matrix LIDs wheel Comparing tools Eco Design Tools Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006 Stakeholder Orientation Customer Employee Suppliers Share Holders Charter, 1998 Society Enhance Competitiveness Increase Sales Improved Customer Feedback Closeness to Customer Improve Corporate Image Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter & van der Linde, 1995 Fierman, 1991 Frankel, 1992 Dean et,al, 1995 Engleberg, 1992; Kolk, 2000 Optimize Functionality Optimize Environmental Impacts Optimize Social Impacts Optimize Economic aspects Maxwell & Vorst, 2003 New Product Development Environmental issues Pujari et.al, 2003

Culture Cost Reduction Customer Satisfaction Employee Relation QM Organizational Performance Product Improvement, Business Productivity Competitive Advantages Top Mgmt Role of Quality Dept Training Product / Service Design Supplier Quality Process Improvement Quality Data/report Financial Performance Chang and Lo (2005) Sun (1999) Yeung et al (2003) Poksinska et al (2002) Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002) Samson and Terziovski (1999) Easton and Jarrel (1998) Hendriks and Singhal (1997) Flynn et al (1995) Cyert (1993) Harber et al (1993) Hendricks and Triplett (1989) Spitzer (1993) Corbett et al (2005) Han et al (2007) Saraph et al (1989) Crosby (1996) Deming (1986) Feigenbaum (1991) Ishikawa (1985) Juran (1992) Saraph et al (1989) Crosby (1996) Deming (1986) Feigenbaum (1991) Ishikawa (1985) Juran (1992) Crosby (1996) Deming (1986) Feigenbaum (1991) Ishikawa (1985) Juran (1992) Saraph et al (1989)

AuthorsFuture ResearchGap Hendrik Ny, 2006 How existing method to an integrated supporting framework for sustainable product development. Need new challenges for product development-with growing awareness of sustainable issues. Charter, 1998Understanding sustainable impact. Not aware sustainable issues at early stage and there always ignore ethical and social considerations. Byggeth & Hochschorner, 2006Suggest guidelines for design of strategy toward sustainable. Environmental is not high priority and not primary economically driven. Maxwell & van der Vorst, 2002Building sustainable development at strategy level will greater improvement. Sustainable development only focus on operational rather than strategy and existing approach not integrated. Sustainable product development must have guidelines at design stage according to organisation strategy and integrated. Need new challenges of sustainable product is design at early stage with concern TBL issues and applied with integrated strategy approach.

Sustainable Product Development (Developed based on Gap/Future Research) Design sustainable product at early stage (Charter, 1998) Adopt TBL issues for sustainable development and guidelines (Byggeth & Hochschorner, 2006 Sustainable development should be integrated (Maxwell & Vorst, 2002) Need new challenges of sustainable product development.(Ny, 2006) Applied sustainable development as strategy approach. (Maxwell & Vorst, 2002)

Sustainable Product Development Leadership Support FRAME WORK Context of Organization Planning Improvement Operation Performance Evaluation (ISO 20121) One important deficit found is the lack of guidance on how the concepts are to be applied among all actors involved. This does not ask for more checklist, which can be quickly applied, but for in-depth insights on how companies interact to joint reduce environmental burdens. (Suering, 2004). When an organization’s board does not truly understand and support the kind of complex organizational change involved in TBL sustainability, there is a risk that top management will be replaced with new leaders who are given new directions by the board. (Smith & Sharicz, 2011). A system comprises written information in the form of instructions and procedures in order to direct and control some form of operation (Poksinska et al, 2010). Design sustainable product at early stage (Charter, 1998) Adopt TBL issues for sustainable development and guidelines(Byggeth & Hochschorner, 2006 Sustainable development should be integrated (Maxwell & Vorst, 2002) New Challenges of sustainable product development.(Ny, 2006) Applied sustainable development as strategy or system approach. (Maxwell & Vorst, 2002) 4.2 Needs and requirement 4.3 Identification and engagement of interested parties 4.4 Determining the scope of the management system. 4.5 Event sustainability management system 4.6 Sustainable development principles statement of purpose and 5.2 Management commitment 5.3 Policy 5.4 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities 6.1 Action to address risks and opportunities 6.2 Event sustainability objective and plans to achieve them. 7.1 Resources 7.2 Competence 7.3 Awareness 7.4 Communication 7.5 Documented information 8.1 Operational planning and control 8.2 Dealing with modified activities, products or services 8.3 Supply chain management 9.1 Performance against governing principles of sustainable development 9.2 Monitoring and measurement 9.3 Internal audit 9.4 Management review 10.1 Nonconforming and corrective action Continual improvement Evaluating compliance.

Sustainable Product Development Product re-manufacturing Product Life Cycle strategy Design for re mfg Nasr, & Thurston, 2006 Tech road mapping Information Technology Supply chain management Emphasize software based to transform NPD Petrick, & Echols, 2003 Evaluating Environmental impact Life Cycle Assessment Hendrik Ny, 2006 Eco design check list ABC analysis Environmental Responsible matrix LIDs wheel Comparing tools Eco Design Tools Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006 Stakeholder Orientation Customer Employee Suppliers Share Holders Charter, 1998 Society Enhance Competitiveness Increase Sales Improved Customer Feedback Closeness to Customer Improve Corporate Image Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter & van der Linde, 1995 Fierman, 1991 Frankel, 1992 Dean et,al, 1995 Engleberg, 1992; Kolk, 2000 Optimize Functionality Optimize Environmental Impacts Optimize Social Impacts Optimize Economic aspects Maxwell & Vorst, 2003 Organizational Performance Product Improvement, Business Productivity Competitive Advantages Financial Performance Culture Cost Reduction Customer Satisfaction Employee Relation Top Mgmt Role of Quality Dept Training Product / Service Design Supplier Quality Process Improvement Quality Data/report QM The organizations are force to be under the condition of both the ecological regulation and customer benefit. If one of them are not fully satisfied the organization, it could face to difficulty to continue business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009) Yet the relationship between environmental and societal factors on the one hand and quality management on the other hand is much less researched (Lagrosen, 2004). Chang and Lo (2005) Sun (1999) Yeung et al (2003) Poksinska et al (2002) Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002) Samson and Terziovski (1999) Easton and Jarrel (1998) Hendriks and Singhal (1997) Flynn et al (1995) Cyert (1993) Harber et al (1993) Hendricks and Triplett (1989) Spitzer (1993) Corbett et al (2005) Han et al (2007) Crosby (1996) Deming (1986) Feigenbaum (1991) Ishikawa (1985) Juran (1992)

Sustainable Product Development Product re-manufacturing Product Life Cycle strategy Design for re mfg Nasr, & Thurston, 2006 Tech road mapping Information Technology Supply chain management Emphasize software based to transform NPD Petrick, & Echols, 2003 Evaluating Environmental impact Life Cycle Assessment Hendrik Ny, 2006 Eco design check list ABC analysis Environmental Responsible matrix LIDs wheel Comparing tools Eco Design Tools Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006 Stakeholder Orientation Customer Employee Suppliers Share Holders Charter, 1998 Society Enhance Competitiveness Increase Sales Improved Customer Feedback Closeness to Customer Improve Corporate Image Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter & van der Linde, 1995 Fierman, 1991 Frankel, 1992 Dean et,al, 1995 Engleberg, 1992; Kolk, 2000 Optimize Functionality Optimize Environmental Impacts Optimize Social Impacts Optimize Economic aspects Maxwell & Vorst, 2003 Organizational Performance Product Improvement, Business Productivity Competitive Advantages Financial Performance Culture Cost Reduction Customer Satisfaction Employee Relation Top Mgmt Role of Quality Dept Training Product / Service Design Supplier Quality Process Improvement Quality Data/report QM The organizations are force to be under the condition of both the ecological regulation and customer benefit. If one of them are not fully satisfied the organization, it could face to difficulty to continue business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009) Yet the relationship between environmental and societal factors on the one hand and quality management on the other hand is much less researched (Lagrosen, 2004).

Sustainable Product Development Support Operation Business Performance Quality Management Practices. FRAME WORK Customer Relations Design Process Process Approach Human Development Supplier Relations Production Performance Finance Performance Customer Satisfaction Sustainability Performance Context of Organization Leadership Performance Evaluation Improvement Planning (Flynn et,al., 1995) Chang and Lo (2005) Sun (1999) Yeung et al (2003) Poksinska et al (2002) Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002) Corbett et al (2005) Han et al (2007) Samson and Terziovski (1999) Easton and Jarrel (1998) Hendriks and Singhal (1997) (ISO 20121) Wilson et al (2003) Heras et al (2002) Acharya and Ray (2000) Aarts (2001) Walgenbach (2001). Kleindorfer et.al (2005) E. Jones et al, (2000) The main challenge for the Malaysia’s automobile industry is the competition from the Thailand’s automobile industry in the areas of production, sales, technology and product standards. Furthermore, in global market, Thailand ranks as the 15 th largest vehicle manufacturer in the world (Michael Shain & David Edmonds,2004). One important deficit found is the lack of Guidance on how the concepts are to be Applied among all actors involved. This does not ask for more checklist, which can be quickly applied, but for in-depth insights on how companies interact to joint reduce environmental burdens. (Suering, 2004). When an organization’s board does not truly understand and support the kind of complex organizational change involved in TBL sustainability, there is a risk that top management will be replaced with new leaders who are given new directions by the board. (Smith & Sharicz, 2011). Ahire et al (1996) Woodruff, (1997) A system comprises written information in the form of instructions and procedures in order to direct and control some form of operation (Poksinska et al, 2010).

53 Strategy 4

Strategy 4: Follow closely to the principles of writing r

Principles of Writing Unity Coherence Support

Unity To achieve unity is to have all the details in your paper related to your thesis. Goal

Unity Unity is important in: paragraph level paper level A paragraph is unified when all of its sentences work towards the same end. An essay is unified when all of the paragraphs illustrate, clarify, explain, support and/or address the idea expressed in the essay's thesis statement.

Coherence A Key Question is: does what we’ve written approach the subject in a logical way?

Support If you support the point with specific evidence, You will have support in your paper.

Reasons for major revision or rejection of Taiwanese journal papers

Writing the manuscript The hardest part is getting started

You don't have to be great to start, but you have to start to be great. Get going!

General Structure Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References

Write in what order? Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References

Introduction Importance/necessity of study Write this section in the past or present tense, never in the future. – Avoid expressions like "This study will examine this section should contain: 1.Current state of knowledge or understanding at the beginning of the investigation (background); 2.A statement of the purpose; 3.hypothesis/hypotheses and predictions.

Back ground Introduce the reader to your research, not summarize and evaluate all past literature on the subject. Save other studies you may be tempted to discuss for the Discussion, where they become a powerful tool for comparing and interpreting your results.

Statement of purpose Expresses the central question you are asking and thus presents the variable you are investigating….the gaps

Hypothesis The explanation you are proposing for certain observations. It should be accompanied by a prediction of results.

Methodology  Briefly discuss: - Research Design - Population and Sampling - Data Collection Procedures - Measurement and Instruments - Analysis Techniques

Results  Briefly repeating protocols can be effective  Present the results of the study but not interpret their meaning.  Do not over discuss results.  It is not necessary to describe every step of your statistical analyses.  Present main findings referring to tables/figures.  Each figure or table included in the paper should be referred. Follow closely the journal guidelines on figure and table.

Discussion analyze the data and relate them to other studies. The Discussion should contain at least: 1.The relationship between the results and the original hypothesis. 2.An integration of your results with those of previous studies. 3.Possible explanations for unexpected results and observations.

Discussion Avoid redundancy between the Results and the Discussion section. End the Discussion with a summary of the principal points you want the reader to remember. Do not end with: – the tired cliche’ that "this problem needs more study." – What you wish you had done..

Introduction & Discussion

References Relevant and recent Be highly selective Read the references Do not misquote Use correct style for journal

Abstract Critical part of paper State main objective State briefly the methodology Summarize most important results and contributions Write and rewrite until flawless!!

Title The title will d etermines whether paper gets read Uses keywords that researchers in a particular field will recognize Avoid long title (see journal rules) and abbreviations

English as a reason for rejection Some editors simply reject papers that are too poorly written to send for review. They have many other options Editor, Journal of Retailing remark “Maybe there are some good ideas in the paper, but after a couple pages with mistakes, I just don’t care” Send for professional editing and proof reading…Invest

Use professional editorial assistance Particularly if you are not a native English speaker Editors will not publish papers with grammatical errors. Referees are often biased; they have an excuse to recommend rejection with grammatical errors

Revision (Continued) “If you don't proofread your own introduction, why expect the referees to spot and correct all the errors?” “You should always check spelling before submission. But there are no substitutes for reading the papers personally. Spelling checkers do not check word meanings.”

Reasons for major revision or rejection of Taiwanese journal papers

Strategy 5

Strategy 5: Practice research like sports…golf Researchers talked about the methods, writing, grammar, and other parts of their paper like a golf player talking about different golf club swings. Beautiful swings are great but a few bad hits can disqualify you. Researchers watch and improve the weaknesses in their publishing game like an athlete perfecting his sport

Quote on specific skills “Traditionally my introduction is a bit weak; I have a challenge selling the problem to reviewers. I’ve got to be able to present the problem better if I want people to be interested in my solution. I’m getting better but I’m constantly aware that this is a weakness, and I need to practice to improve.” – Mechanical Engineering Professor # 31

Imitate skillful writers Read how successful writers introduce their topic and cite literature Imitate their words and phrases, and modify them to suit your topic Create a file of template sentences

Strategy 6

Strategy 6: Dramatize process by creating mental models Researchers see their writing and researching in dramatic terms. Some use strong metaphors to create exciting mental pictures to encourage themselves and their research and writing. “The great struggle” Model of building a house Killing a monster

Strategy 7

Strategy 7: Manage Rejection When rejected, try again Even Nobel Laureates get rejection letters. You may need to play “ping pong” with the paper. Submit the paper to another journal within one month. You do not have to revise a paper every time it is rejected. But if a paper is rejected 4 times, there is a serious flaw in the paper. Find and fix the problem. Why? The same referee might get it again.

Emotions on rejected paper 1) Depression 2) Anger at editor. 3) Anger at system. 4) Consider changing job. 5) Reviewing manuscripts and deciding the reviewers had points

Everyone gets rejected Your options: Abandon the article. Send the article with no changes to another journal. Revise the article and send it to another journal. Protest the decision and try to resubmit the article to the rejecting journal

Eliminate any trace of prior rejections Do not show when the paper was first written. Do not show how many times the paper has been revised. Document property check Add current references

Do not waste time on dead or dying topics If your most recent references are ten years old, it is a dead issue. If the most recent references closely related to your paper are 5 years old, it is a dying issue. It is also difficult for the editor to find suitable referees for outdated topics. Your inability to find enough references indicates – You have not read the literature. – Others are not interested in the topic, so, it is unlikely to get published.

Avoid the journals which consistently reject your papers Temporarily avoid journals which always reject you The editor still remembers bad comments about your papers. Wait until a new editor is appointed. If you think there is prejudice on the basis of sex, race, or nationality, you may consider using initials instead of spelling out the first and middle names. First and middle names, as well as last name, often reveal the sex, race, or nationality of the authors. You may write your full name after the paper is accepted.

When should you start contacting the editor about your paper? After three months once a month Four months twice a month Six months every day The longer the review takes, the less chance you have a publishing-reviewers may be negative Internal fighting in Journal You may want to consider withdrawing to another journal Editor’s feedback is key in making this decision

Reminder to editor “I’m just ing to inquire about the status of my article titled______, which I submitted to your journal on ( date ).” Don’t get angrier over time, just keep sending the same more often Sometimes editors appreciate the reminder

Strategy 8

Strategy 8: Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.) Common misunderstanding that good writers enjoy writing Many hate writing. But enjoyed the results. Forced themselves into a daily writing routine.

Planning vs. Action Talking about writing isn’t writing. Thinking about writing isn’t writing. Dreaming isn’t writing. Neither are outlining, researching, or taking notes. All these may be necessary to getting a project completed, but only writing is writing. Pen to paper, fingers to keyboard

Researchers learn motivation for writing about their topic. Reseachers first forced themselves to write and later developed an interest in writing.

Building the Writing Habit The same time. The same place. Carry a notebook Quiet place. Get rid of rid of negative thoughts. Sit alone in silence. Ideas, not grammar, for the first draft. Rewrite.

Do not wait to write until you finish reading everything Many researchers use the excuse of more reading to prevent writing themselves. You can’t read every paper ever written on a subject. Remember your goal is to write and publish a paper, not to read everything. If you read a dozen papers on a topic, you should have enough material to start writing a paper. Add your own ideas to this base of knowledge.

Strategy 9

Strategy 9: Writers use the competitive, political and supportive energy of other researchers. Supportive energy: Support groups ….organize writing workshops Competitive energy: Researchers compare themselves with other researchers and keep score Political: Researchers are political. The negative side is that half of peer reviewed articles in top rated journals are never referenced by anyone, including the author. This shows that low impact papers are often published in the best journals because the articles are reviewed by friends of the author. (Holub, Tappeiner, and Eberharter, SEJ 1991).

Strategy 9: Writers use the competitive, political and supportive energy of other researchers. Strategy 8: Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.) Strategy 7: Manage Rejection Strategy 6: Dramatize process by creating mental models Strategy 5: Practice research like sports…golf Strategy 4: Follow closely to the principles of writing Strategy 3: Developed Research Based Publications Generate papers from your research Strategy 2: Collect a pool of potential journals for each article Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about writing

THANK YOU