Islam The Faith Of Arabia.

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Presentation transcript:

Islam The Faith Of Arabia

The Founder of the Young Faith Muhammad said he heard the angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God. Muhammad made a journey from Mecca to Medina, where he was welcomed by Muslim converts. This was a turning point for Islam. Muhammad returned to Mecca and worked to unite Arabs under Islam.

Muslims do not believe that it is appropriate to depict Mohammed in a picture.

Arabian Peninsula Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula and became one of the world’s major religions. Islam is monotheistic, based on the belief in one God. Muslims believe that the Quran contains the sacred word of God and is the final authority on all matters.

Five Pillars of Islam All Muslims accept five duties, known as the Five Pillars of Islam: Faith Daily prayer Charity Fasting during Ramadan Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca

Islamic Law The Islamic system of law, called Sharia, regulated moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community. Unlike the law codes that evolved in the West, the Sharia does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil law.

Muslim Conquests

Conquering Lands The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak from years of fighting each other. People in the Fertile Crescent welcomed Arab conquerors as liberators. The Arabs used bold, efficient fighting methods, which overwhelmed traditional armies. The common faith of Islam united a patchwork of tribes into a determined, unified state.

Different Muslims Sunni- Believed caliph, or successor to Muhammad, should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. Viewed caliph as a leader, not as a religious authority. (Abu Bakr was first caliph followed by ‘Umar) Shiites-Believed that only descendents of Muhammad could become caliph. Believed descendents of Muhammad to be divinely inspired. Sufi- Sought to communicate with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals

Caliphs Gaining Control Around 850, the caliphs became unable to maintain centralized control, and the empire fragmented. In the 900s, Seljuk Turks invaded the Middle East and built a large empire in the Fertile Crescent. In the 1200s and 1300s, Mongol invaders dominated the Middle East. They developed and secured trade between China and the Mediterranean world

Scholars and Medicine Ibn Sīnā was a doctor of medicine. His Canon of Medicine was used as far away as Europe until 1650. Ibn Battuta was an Islamic explorer who travelled some 73,000 miles across the Islamic world. He covered Africa, southern Europe, western Asia, and China.

MUSLIM ART AND LITERATURE Islamic religion Traditions of the many people living under Muslim rule Skills and styles of Greeks, Romans, Persians, Indians, and other peoples with whom they came in contact