KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS.  The tree of life shows our most current understanding.  New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. - Until 1866:

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Presentation transcript:

KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS

 The tree of life shows our most current understanding.  New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. - Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae - Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Classification is always a work in progress. –1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera –1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista –1959: fungi moved to own kingdom –1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae Archea Bacteria

The Three Domains in the Tree of Life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.  Domains are above the kingdom level.  proposed by Carl Woese based on rRNA studies of prokaryotes  domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity

The Six Kingdoms

Bacteria ProkaryoteUnicellular Both autotrophic and heterotrophic

Thermophiles (like heat) Halophiles (like salt/sulfur) Archaebacteria

Eubacteria  Staphylococcus aureus  Staphylococcus aureus  Treponema pallidumcholera (syphilis)  Escherichia coli

Protist  Eukaryotes  Most are unicellular  Heterotrophs that ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes  Classified by the way they move (cilia, flagella, pseudopodia...)

Amoeba Euglena Rotifer Algae Volvox Spyrgyra

Fungi Eukaryotes Most are Multicellular Heterotroph

Mold Yeast Ringworm Mushrooms

Plant  Multi-cellular  Eukaryote  Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts  Cell wall made of cellulose  Autotrophs or producers  All plants reproduce sexually

Animal  All multi-cellular  Eukaryotes - cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles  Cells lack cell walls  Heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest it)  Show levels of organization including cell, tissue, organ, & system  Cells are specialized for particular functions

Using your response board, write down the correct kingdom according to the characteristics or illustration. Are you ready?

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, heterotroph, multicellular

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, heterotroph, most are multicellular

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, multicellular, autotroph

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Prokaryote, unicellular

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, most are unicellular, heterotroph

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote,, heterotroph

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Prokaryote, unicellular

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, multicellular, heterotroph

Which Kingdom do I belong to? Eukaryote, most are unicellular, heterotroph

Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria.  one of largest groups on Earth  classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

 known for living in extreme environments  Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea.  cell walls chemically different from bacteria  differences discovered by studying RNA

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes  kingdom Protista  kingdom Plantae

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes  kingdom Fungi  kingdom Animalia

Bacteria and archaea can be difficult to classify.  transfer genes among themselves outside of reproduction  blurs the line between “species”  more research needed to understand prokaryotes bridge to transfer DNA

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