1 DATA COMMUNICATION Characteristics: zDelivery zAccuracy zTimeliness

2 Communication Components zMessage zSender zReceiver zMedium zProtocol

3 NETWORKS Distributed processing zSecurity/Encapsulation zDistributed Databases zFaster Problem Solving zSecurity through Redundancy zCollaborative Processing

4 DATA COMMUNICATION Network Criteria zPerformance zReliability zSecurity

5 Performance zNumber of Users zType of Transmission Medium zHardware zSoftware

6 Reliability zFrequency of Failure zRecovery Time of a Network after failure zCatastroph

7 Security zUnauthorized access zViruses

8 Applications zMarketing and sales zFinancial Services zManufacturing (CAD, CAM, CAE) zElectronic Messaging zDirectory Services zInformation Services zElectronic Data Interchange (EDI) zTeleconferencing zCellular telephone zCable Television

9 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS zProtocols ySyntax ySemantics yTiming zStandards yDe facto xproprietary - closed xnonproprietary - open yDe jure

10 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS Standards Creation Committees : zInternational standards organization (ISO) zInternational telecommunications Union- Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T, formerly CCITT) zThe American National National Standards Institute (ANSI) zThe Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

11 STANDARDS AND ORGANIZATIONS zThe electronic Industries Association (EIA) zTelcordia (Formerly Bellcore from Bell Labs )

12 FORUMS zFrame Relay Forum zATM Forum and ATM Consortium zInternet Society (ISOC) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) {Development of a Single Management Protocol (SNMP)}

13 Regulatory Agencies zFederal Communications Commission (FCC): zTo review rate and service-charge applications made by telegraph and telephone providers zTo review the technical specifications of communications hardware zTo establish reasonable common carrier rates of return zTo divide and allocate radio frequencies zTo assign carrier frequencies for radio and television broadcasts