1. Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications

2. Learning Objectives Define data communications Describe the difference between data communications and telecommunications Define local area networks, wide area networks, metropolitan area networks, wireless networks, and personal area networks Understand the components of a communications system Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications2

3. Learning Objectives Describe the role of, and list, regulatory agencies in data communications List the standards-setting organizations involved in the communications industry Explain how the government uses communications networks Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications3

4. Introduction Communications began from primitive methods More efficient communications were needed with the advance of the industrial age The telegraph began the age of electronic communications Voice, video, and data transmitted in modern communications systems Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications4

5. What is Data Communications? Transmission of data over a network Subset of telecommunications Networks –Telephone system –May connect computers and related devices –PC prices have dropped –Data communications network Computers and related devices Devices and lines used to connect the devices Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications5

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8. What is Data Communications? Networks –Types of networks Wide area network (WAN) Local area network (LAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Internet Wireless networks Personal Area Network (PAN) Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications8

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14. Basic Components of a Communications System –Three physical components Source (or sender) Medium Receiver –One Software component Protocol –Circuit –Example – Drive-up bank window Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications14

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16. The Telephone System Telegraph – 1840 Telephone – 1876 AT&T was a monopoly –Positive aspects of standardization Divestiture in 1984 Data communications and the telephone system Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications16

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18. The Telephone System Common Carriers –Profit-oriented companies –Over 1200 in the United States –Cellular service providers –Local and long distance service IntraLATA Calls –Local Access Transport Areas (LATAs) –Local and “local long distance” Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications18

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20. The Telephone System InterLATA Calls –Long distance calls –May or may not use a carrier different from the one offering local telephone service –Divestiture has allowed all companies to compete in both local and long distance markets –Slamming – unauthorized switch to a different phone company Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications20

21. Governmental and Regulatory Agencies Federal Communications Commission (FCC) –Created in 1934 –Prior to that time, the Interstate Commerce Commission controlled communications –Regulates interstate and international telecommunications –Tariff schedules Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications21

22. Governmental and Regulatory Agencies Public Utility Commissions –Regulate intrastate communications –Regulate common carriers within a state –Rates charged can differ by state –Negotiates when conflicts arise, if the problem is completely within a single state Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications22

23. Governmental and Regulatory Agencies National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) –Branch of the U.S. Department of Commerce –Catalyst for innovation in communications industry –Helps create jobs in that sector –Establishes grants to create a communications infrastructure for all citizens Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications23

24. Standards Organizations American National Standards Institute (ANSI) –Creates voluntary national standards –Has over 1,000 members –Works to create consensus on standards among all the groups –Publishes standards created by other organizations –Creating a standard for FDDI Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications24

25. Standards Organizations International Organization for Standardization (ISO) –Non-electronic telecommunication standards –Created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 7-layer model Corporation for Open Systems –Promotes the use of equipment that meets ISO standards Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications25

26. Standards Organizations International Telecommunication Union (ITU) –Equipment standards in other countries –Provides technical assistance in setting up communications systems in third world countries International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU- T) –Fosters cooperative standards for telecommunications equipment and systems –Took over functions of the CCITT Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications26

27. Standards Organizations Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) –An ANSI member organization –Standards developed for the lowest two levels of the OSI model –Developed standards for local area networks Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications27

28. Standards Organizations Electronics Industries Association (EIA) –Sets electrical standards –Members are manufacturers of electrical equipment –Developed standards for the lowest level of the OSI model Telecommunications Industry Assn. (TIA) –Members are companies that provide communications and other IT products and services –Acts as a voice on public policy and international matters that affect its members Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications28

29. Standards Organizations Committee T1 –Provides standards for interfaces –Accredited by ANSI –Addresses issues related to interconnection of customers to public communications carriers Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA) –Trade association for the personal communications services industry –Regulations and standards related to wireless communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications29

30. Standards Organizations Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) –Conducts surveys on use of cellular technology Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT) –Coordinates use of satellites among countries, and represents the USA International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) –Coordinates use of satellites internationally Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications30

31. Applications of Data Communications Computer system processing –Early systems Batch No networks –Modern systems On-line Networks Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications31

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34. Applications of Data Communications Government Applications –Original use – Census data collection in 1950 –Internal Revenue Service (IRS) –National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) –Military uses The Internet –E-Commerce Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications34

35. Chapter Summary Rapid increase in communications Data transmission Three components of communications Common carriers FCC and PUCs Regulatory agencies Common uses for communications networks Chapter 1: Introduction to Communications35

36. Chapter 1 Complete