The Rise of a Mass Democracy

A. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 Universal white manhood suffrage 1824 election  “corrupt bargain” energized common man to get out and vote

B. President John Quincy Adams The “wooden” Adams Nationalist programs  Public – waste of money Slowing over-speculation  South/West turn on Adams

C. The Triumph of Andrew Jackson 1828 election  Mudslinging – Jackson’s wife 1828 – Jackson president “Old Hickory” as president  Tough and loyal westerner  Personified “new democracy”  Opened the “People’s House”  “Mobocracy” for real

D. The Spoils System The Spoils System  Supporters get government jobs Corruption by “loyal” officials

E. The Tariff of Abominations Jacksonians hate the tariff Tariff plan backfires Webster vs. Calhoun Denmark Vesey’s Rebellion  Scared southern whites Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition”  States could nullify the tariff  Nullification challenged the authority of the federal government

F. The South Carolina Nullification Crisis Tariff of 1832  Eases tensions The “Nullies”  SC nullifies - threatens secession Jackson readies the military Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833  Averted possible Civil War Force Bill  President can use force

G. The Trail of Tears The “Five Civilized Tribes”  Adopted American ways  Supported by Supreme Court Jackson’s Indian Policy  Removal West  Oklahoma – Indian Territory 1830 – Indian Removal Act  Bureau of Indian Affairs The Trail of Tears  Forced march of Cherokee Indian Resistance  Black Hawk War  Osceola - Seminoles

H. The Bank War Distrust of the B.U.S.  Rich – “hard” money  Farmers – “soft” money Nicholas Biddle’s Bank Jackson’s B.U.S. veto  “The bank is trying to kill me... but I will kill it.”

I. “Old Hickory” Wallops Clay 1832 – Jackson vs. Clay The Anti-Masonic Party  First 3 rd party – more democracy Political firsts  National conventions  Party platforms 1832 – Jackson re-elected

J. Burying Biddle’s Bank Jackson’s Pet Banks Biddle fights back  B.U.S. pays the price

K. The Birth of the Whigs Jacksonians become Democrats The Birth of the Whigs  Hated Jackson  Liked the American System

L. The Election of 1836 “King Andrew” chose Martin Van Buren Van Buren president

M. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Van Buren – no Jackson  Looming economic crisis Panic of 1837  Causes  Over-speculation  Jackson’s bank policies  Jackson’s Specie Circular  Crop failures  Effects  Banks close  Farms foreclosed Van Buren’s “Divorce Bill”  Separate government from banking

N. Gone to Texas Stephen Austin “settles” Texas Santa Anna and the rebellious Texans

O. The Lone Star Rebellion 1836 – Texas declares independence The Battle of the Alamo  200 Texans killed  “Remember the Alamo” Texas President Sam Houston The Battle of San Jacinto  Santa Anna defeated  Jackson recognized Texas Texas statehood?  Issue of slavery – “slavocracy”

P. Log Cabins and Hard Cider of – Van Buren vs. Harrison  Van Buren – rich, out of touch  Harrison – log cabin symbol  First modern election 1840 – Harrison president

Q. Politics for the People New respect for struggle  Western politicians popular “New Democracy”  “common man”  Universal white manhood suffrage

R. The Two-Party System Democrats – common man  Jeffersonian  Liberty of individual  States rights  Lower classes – Farmers  Support from West-South Whigs – upper class  Like Federalists  Strong national government  Internal improvements  Educated/wealthier classes  Support from cities-East